V. M. Shmelev

The thermodynamic processes of flow of gas from the barrel of a ballistic plasma generator

A theoretical study is made into the flow of radiating gas from the barrel of a ballistic plasma generator. A set of nonlinear differential equations is obtained which enable one to calculate the parameters of gas in the plasma generator barrel. A comparison of the results of integration of this system with the results of two-dimensional numerical analysis reveals their adequate (from the standpoint of engineering calculations) accuracy. Given a number of justified assumptions, analytical relations are derived which describe qualitatively the state of gas.

Energy characteristics of a carbon monoxide gasdynamic laser

The characteristics of gasdynamic lasers based on mixtures of carbon monoxide with nitrogen and inert gases were investigated and the populations of vibrational levels of CO molecules, the gain of the mixture, and the generation power were determined in [1–8]. But the parameters of a gasdynamic laser (GDL) in the optimum emission mode have not been determined up to now. The difficulties in calculating the optimum energy characteristics are connected with the complexity of the calculating model and the large number of parameters of the system. The energy characteristics of a CO gasdynamic laser are calculated and optimized in the present report on the basis of a simple model.

Implementation of the Effective Combustion of Gas Mixtures with a Low Emission of NO x and CO

The method for burning stoichiometric or near-stoichiometric gas mixtures in a burner device with a volumetric matrix is proposed, which provides low concentrations of harmful substances in the combustion products. It is shown that the concentrations of nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide in the combustion products can be reduced to 10 ppm at an air excess ratio of ~1 and an output firing rate of ~300 W/cm2.

Combustion of hydro-reactive compositions on the base of a metal–polymer matrix

ABSTRACT There are different methods of fast hydrogen generation by reaction of metal powder with water. Fundamental study of combustion of aluminum–water compositions with frozen water (aluminum–ice [ALICE]) is of great interest for the rocket technique applications. New solid hydro-reactive compositions of ALICE type on the base of permeable micro-porous metal–polymer matrices filled with water is reported. Magnesium (Mg) powder of 80 μm was chosen as a combustible. Combustion characteristics for these compositions in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere at different pressures were studied. It was found that the burning rate was 12–18 mm/s in the wide pressure range up to 80 atm, as the pressure exponent was close to zero. It was shown that the presence of a thin agglutinant polymer film on the Mg particle of the metal–polymer matrix did not significantly affect the burning rate of samples in comparison with mixtures of Mg powder with water but resulted in some combustion peculiarities. Preliminary experiments studying the combustion wave propagation along the metal–polymer matrix surface in water steam were carried out.

Use of Matrices Made of Permeable Wire Material in Infrared Burners

The characteristics of surface-combustion IR burners with permeable wire material matrices operating on natural gas−air mixtures are studied. The experiments are carried out with matrices of two designs: a flat two-layer matrix and a volumetric cylindrical matrix. The composition of the combustion products is determined, and the temperatures of the working surface and the back surface of the matrices are measured at burning power densities from 10 to 90 W/cm2. It is shown that burners with a volumetric matrix are characterized by a higher efficiency of conversion of combustion energy into thermal radiation and lower emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides as compared to burners with a flat permeable matrix.