V. N. Makarov

Radiation excited by shock waves in a CO2-N2-ar mixture: experiment and theory

On the basis of experimental data both published and obtained by the authors on radiation excited in CO2-N2-Ar mixtures by shock waves, a physicochemical model of such mixtures is developed that can be recommended for calculating the heat exchange and radiation of vehicles descending in the Martian atmosphere. It is shown that the usually adopted assumption of the locally equilibrium population of the electron-exited states is invalid. This makes it necessary to consider each electron-excited state separately. The rate constants of the excitation processes of electron states CN(A2Π), CN(B2Σ+), and C2(d3Πg) produced as a result of collisions with heavy particles are determined.

Homogeneous and heterogeneous radiation induced NO and SO2 removal from power plants flue gases—modeling study

Abstract The generalized mathematical model has been developed for radiation induced removal of NO and SO2 from flue gases of power plants. This model includes energy absorption of electron beam with active species generation, reactions in gas phase, aerosol formation and growth, and liquid-phase chemistry. To investigate the role of various process parameters (initial NO and SO2 concentrations, temperature, humidity, absorbed dose) a number of numerical calculations has been carried out. Computer modeling results are in good agreement with reported experimental data.

Gas dynamic ozone generator

The formation of ozone when partially dissociated oxygen flows out of a supersonic nozzle has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The supersonic flow of a chemically reacting gas mixture containing excess O atoms is calculated in the one-dimensional approximation for a class of plane wedge-shaped nozzles. It is shown that for initial gas pressures ahead of the nozzle inlet of about 10 atm and a temperatureT0=1000 K in nozzles with a total vertex angle of 30°C and a throat dimensionh.=1 mm it is possible to obtain an ozone concentration of about 1%, which is comparable with ordinary ozonizers, while the output of the device is two to three orders greater. Experiments on a shock tube fitted with a nozzle to measure the absorption of UV radiation by oxygen recombining in the nozzle under highly nonoptimal conditions revealed the presence in the flow of ozone molecules formed as a result of O+O2 recombination.

Experimental Investigation of Vibrational Deactivation of CO Molecules in a Supersonic Gas Flow

The vibrational temperature and vibrational deactivation time of CO molecules in collisions with hydrogen atoms are measured using the broadband version of the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering technique (CARS). Carbon monoxide with hydrogen-containing admixtures (H2, H2O) heated in a reflected shock wave up to temperatures 2900–5100 K escaped through a supersonic wedge-shaped nozzle. The measurements demonstrate the high efficiency of hydrogen atoms in the vibrational deactivation of CO. A difference in the measured temperature dependences of the vibrational excitation and deactivation times of CO molecules in collisions with H atoms, which seems to be associated with a difference in the mechanisms of CO-H complex formation, is noted.

Ozone production in supersonic nozzles

Ozone production during the efflux of oxygen from a supersonic nozzle is studied theoretically and experimentally. The formation kinetics of atomic oxygen in an electrical discharge in the nozzle is analyzed. An experiment is set up using an optimized nozzle with an electrical discharge in its supersonic section. It is shown that the highest ozone content at the nozzle output is attained when the excess concentration of oxygen atoms is produced in the supersonic section of the nozzle.