V. Špička

Relativistic transformation of temperature and Mosengeil–Ott's antinomy

Abstract A not satisfactorily solved problem of relativistic transformation of temperature playing the decisive role in relativistic thermal physics and cosmology is reopened. It is shown that the origin of the so-called Mosengeil–Otts antinomy and other aligned paradoxes are related to the wrong understanding of the physical meaning of temperature and application of Plancks Ansatz of Lorentzs invariance of entropy. In the contribution, we have thus reintroduced and anew analyzed fundamental concepts of hotness manifold, fixed thermometric points and temperature. Finally, on the basis of phenomenological arguments the Lorentz invariance of temperature and relativistic transformations of entropy are established.

Fast dynamics of molecular bridges

We address the dynamics of open quantum systems, in which complex finite time initial conditions, an ensuing rapid non-equilibrium transient, quantum interferences and their attenuation play important roles. To study all these phenomena in conditions of general non-equilibrium, open systems are represented by a simple structure of a molecular island between two leads. We treat this model using the non-equilibrium Green functions (NGF) method for a finite initial condition. We demonstrate that the non-interacting molecular bridge model captures well many features of general open quantum systems. Three stages of its non-equilibrium evolution, the first described by the full NGF description, the second ruled by the asymptotically exact generalized master equation and the third governed by a Markovian master equation, are delineated and related to each other.

Electron systems out of equilibrium: Nonequilibrium Green's function approach

This review deals with the state of the art and perspectives of description of nonequilibrium many-body systems using the nonequilibrium Greens function (NGF) method. The basic aim is to describe time evolution of the many-body system from its initial state over its transient dynamics to its long time asymptotic evolution. First, we discuss basic aims of transport theories to motivate the introduction of the NGF techniques. Second, this article summarizes the present view on construction of the electron transport equations formulated within the NGF approach to nonequilibrium. We discuss incorporation of complex initial conditions to the NGF formalism, and the NGF reconstruction theorem, which serves as a tool to derive simplified kinetic equations. Three stages of evolution of the nonequilibrium, the first described by the full NGF description, the second by a non-Markovian generalized master equation and the third by a Markovian master equation will be related to each other.

Physics at the FQMT '04 Conference

Abstract This paper summarizes the recent state of the art of the following topics presented at the FQMT’04 conference: quantum, mesoscopic and (partly) classical thermodynamics; quantum limits to the Second law of thermodynamics; quantum measurement; quantum decoherence and dephasing; mesoscopic and nano-electro-mechanical systems; classical molecular motors, ratchet systems and rectified motion; quantum Brownian motion and quantum motors; physics of quantum computing; and relevant experiments from the nanoscale to the macroscale. To all these subjects an introduction is given and the recent literature is broadly overviewed. The paper contains some 450 references in total.

Fast transients in mesoscopic systems

We study fast transient dynamics of an open quantum system at the initial stage of its equilibration starting far from equilibrium from correlated initial conditions reflecting entanglement with the environment. These correlations rapidly decay and the process enters the non‐equilibrium quasi‐particle mode controlled by a generalized master equation. As a model system, the nanoscopic molecular bridge between two leads is considered. The coupling to the leads is assumed to be intermittent. Properties of the resulting transients are demonstrated and analyzed.

Bose-Einstein condensed supermassive black holes: A case of renormalized quantum field theory in curved space-time

Abstract This paper investigates the question whether a realistic black hole can be in principal similar to a star, having a large but finite redshift at its horizon. If matter spreads throughout the interior of a supermassive black hole with mass M ∼ 10 9 M ⊙ , it has an average density comparable to air and it may arise from a Bose–Einstein condensate of densely packed H-atoms. Within the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation with a positive cosmological constant, a bosonic quantum field describing H atoms is coupled to the curvature scalar with dimensionless coupling ξ . In the Bose–Einstein condensed groundstate an exact, self-consistent solution for the metric occurs for a certain large value of ξ , quadratic in the black hole mass. It is put forward that ξ is set by proper choice of the background metric as a first step of a renormalization approach, while otherwise the non-linearities are small. The black hole has a hair, the binding energy. Fluctuations about the ground state are considered.

Shadows over the speed of light

In this paper, we discuss some of the consequences of the CGPM (1983) definition of meter and, in particular, we discuss giving the speed of light an exact value. It is shown that this act touches the fundamental paradigms, such as the second postulate of the special theory of relativity (STR), the c-equivalence principle and the method of time synchronization. In order to fill the arising logical gaps, we suggest, among others, to weaken the second postulate of STR to a form directly confirmed by experiments and make new measurements of Maxwells constant with accuracy comparable with that of the speed of light.

Quantum foundations and open quantum systems : lecture notes of the Advanced School

Kerr-Newman Electron as Spinning Soliton (Alexander Burinskii) Elements For the Development of A Darwinian-Like Scheme Leading to Quantum Mechanics (Carlos Baladron) A Geometrical Approach to Dislocation Densities in Semiconductors (K Bakke and F Moraes) The Zero-Point Field and the Emergence of the Quantum (L De La Pena, A M Cetto and A Valdes Hernandez) Emergence of Quantum Mechanics From Sub-Quantum Statistical Mechanics (Gerhard Grossing) Towards Wave Resolution of Wave-Particle Duality (Andrei Khrennikov) Quantum Transport: An Unified Approach Via A Multivariate Hypergeometric Generating Function (A F Macedo-Junior and A M S Macedo) Time-Dependent Coupled Harmonic Oscillators: Classical and Quantum Solutions (D X Macedo and I Guedes) Event-Based Simulation of Quantum Physics Experiments (Kristel Michielsen and Hans De Raedt) Lectures on Dynamical Models For Quantum Measurements (T M Nieuwenhuizen, M Perarnau Llobet and R Balian) Physics of Quantum Computing (Elisabetta Paladino and Giuseppe Falci) Reality, Causality, and Probability, From Quantum Mechanics to Quantum Field Theory: Lectures on the Epistemology of Quantum Theory (Arkady Plotnitsky) Quantum Information in Communication and Imaging (David Simon, Gregg Jaeger and Alexander V Sergienko) Greens Function Technics in the Solid State (Vaclav Spicka)