V. T. Orlova

Low-temperature anti-icing reagents in aqueous salt systems containing acetates and formiates

Ice-melting polytherms in binary and ternary aqueous salt systems containing metal and ammonium acetates and formiates were studied in the temperature range of 0 to −70°C. A number of salt mixtures that form low-temperature eutectics with ice were revealed to be promising as a basis for the development of anti-icing reagents. The properties of these salt mixtures, such as ice-melting ability, the character of their action on cement concrete, and corrosion activity with respect to metals and alloys, were estimated. An efficient corrosion inhibitor was selected.

Low-temperature anti-icing reagents in the Ca(NO3)2-Mg(NO3)2-CO(NH2)2-H2O system and their properties

The polytherms of ice melting in sections of the Ca(NO3)2-Mg(NO3)2-CO(NH2)2-H2O system with different component ratios were studied in the temperature interval from 0 to −40°C. A series of nitrate and nitrate-carbonate reagents that are promising for the creation of anti-acing reagents were found, which form eutectics with ice at temperatures from −25 to −39°C. Their properties, viz., melting properties with respect to ice and corrosiveness on metals and alloys, were determined. An effective corrosion inhibitor was selected.

Interactions in the system Mn(NO3)2-HCONH2-H2O

Solubilities and solid phases in the system Mn(NO3)2-HCONH2-H2O were studied by an isothermal method at 25°C. The congruently saturating compound Mn(NO3)2 · 2HCONH2 · 2H2O was isolated; the concentration conditions for its crystallization in the system were determined. The solid phases of the system were characterized by physicochemical methods (X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis, IR spectroscopy, and crystal-optical analysis).

Solubility and solid phases in the systems zinc nitrate-dimethylcarbamide-water and cadmium nitrate-dimethylcarbamide-water at 25°C

Solubility isotherms have been studied in the systems Zn(NO3)2-(CH3)2NCONH2-H2O and Cd(NO3)2-(CH3)2NCONH2-H2O at 25°C. Crystallization fields have been determined for the congruent-melting compounds Zn(NO3)2 · 4(CH3)2NCONH2 · 2H2O (I) and Cd(NO3)2NCONH2 (II). The compounds have been characterized by chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy.

Design of deicing reagents based on alkali and alkaline-earth metals and ammonium formates, acetates, and nitrates

Phase equilibria in binary, ternary, and quaternary water-salt systems containing sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and ammonium nitrates, formates, and acetates have been studied in the temperature range of 0 to −70°C, and polytherms of the fusion of ice have been plotted. A series of binary and ternary salt compositions that form low-temperature eutectics with ice, which are promising as deicing reagents, has been determined. The corrosion activity of the most promising compositions relative to metals and alloys, as well as cement concrete pavements, has been determined. Corrosion inhibitors have been chosen.

Copper nitrate-formamide-water system at 25°C

The solubility and solid phases in the Cu(NO3)2-HCONH2-H2O system at 25°C were studied. The formation region of the congruently soluble compound Cu(NO3)2 · 2HCONH2 · 2H2O was determined. Thysicochemical properties of this complex were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal, crystal-optical, and IR spectroscopic analyses.

Co(NO3)2-(CH3)2SO-H2O system at 25°C

The solubilities and nature of solid phases in the Co(NO3)2-(CH3)2SO-H2O system were studied at 25°C. A new congruently saturating compound was recovered: Co(NO3)2 · 4(CH3)2SO · 2H2O. The concentration boundaries of its crystallization in the system were determined. The compound was studied by the Schreinemakers wet residue method, X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis, crystal-optical analysis, and IR spectroscopy.