Vagner Raso

A força muscular de mulheres idosas decresce principalmente após oito semanas de interrupção de um programa de exercícios com pesos livres

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da interrupcao de um programa de exercicios com pesos livres sobre a forca muscular de mulheres idosas atraves do teste de uma repeticao maxima (1-RM). Para tanto, a amostra foi constituida por oito mulheres idosas saudaveis (x: 64,3 ± 7,6 anos) que foram envolvidas, previamente a interrupcao, em um programa de exercicios com pesos livres durante 12 semanas, tres vezes por semana, tres series de 10 repeticoes a 50% 1-RM para seis tipos de exercicios para os membros superiores e inferiores. O teste 1-RM foi realizado imediatamente apos a interrupcao do programa e subsequentemente a cada quatro semanas (4a, 8a e 12a semanas). Os valores demonstraram decrescimo estatisticamente significativo na forca muscular de ambas as extremidades corporais, principalmente apos a 8a semana de pausa. O decrescimo percentual na 12a semana variou de 27,5% a 35,1% para a forca muscular de membros inferiores e superiores, respectivamente; aconteceu, principalmente, nos membros superiores. Os membros inferiores preservaram mais a capacidade de manutencao da forca muscular apos a interrupcao do treinamento (22,9% a 71,9%) que os membros superiores (-14,8% a 16,1%) quando os valores absolutos finais do periodo de destreinamento foram comparados com os valores iniciais do treinamento. Esses resultados permitem concluir que a interrupcao de um programa de exercicios com pesos livres produz efeito negativo na forca muscular de mulheres idosas, especialmente apos a 8a semana.

Association between muscle strength and the cardiopulmonary status of individuals living with HIV/AIDS

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare aerobic function [anaerobic threshold (%V˙O2-AT), respiratory compensation point (%V˙O2-RCP) and peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak)] between physically active patients with HIV/AIDS and matched controls and to examine associations between disease status, poor muscle strength, depression (as estimated by the profile of mood states questionnaire) and the aerobic performance of patients. METHODS: Progressive treadmill test data for %V˙O2-AT (V-slope method), RCP and (V˙O2peak) were compared between 39 male patients with HIV/AIDS (age 40.6±1.4 years) and 28 male controls (age 44.4±2.1 years) drawn from the same community and matched for habitual physical activity. Within-patient data were also examined in relation to CD4+ counts (nadir and current data) and peak isokinetic knee torque. RESULTS: AT, RCP and (V˙O2peak) values were generally similar for patients and controls. Within the patient sample, binary classification suggested that AT, RCP and (V˙O2peak) values were not associated with either the nadir or current CD4+ count, but treadmill test variables were positively associated with peak isokinetic knee torque. CONCLUSION: The aerobic performance of physically active patients with HIV/AIDS is generally well conserved. Nevertheless, poor muscle strength is observed in some HIV/AIDS patients, which is associated with lower anaerobic power and (V˙O2peak), suggesting the possibility of enhancing the aerobic performance of patients with weak muscles through appropriate muscle-strengthening activities.

A adiposidade corporal e a idade prejudicam a capacidade funcional para realizar as atividades da vida diária de mulheres acima de 47 anos

ABSTRACTBody adiposity and age impair the capacity to performdaily living activities of women older than 47 yearsThe purpose of this study was to verify the effect of chro-nological age, body weight, body height, body mass index,and body adiposity on the functional capacity to performdaily living activities of women with > 47 years of age.The sample comprised 129 women from 47 to 77 years ofage. The total body adiposity ( TBA ) was represented by thesum total of biceps ( BI ), triceps ( TRI ), subscapular ( SB ),middle axillary ( MA ), suprailiac ( SI ), abdominal ( ABD ),anterior thigh ( AT ), and middle calf ( MC ) skinfolds. Cen-tral body adiposity ( CBA ) was taken as the sum total of SB , MA , SI , and ABD , whereas peripheral body adiposity ( PBA )was represented by the sum total of BI , TRI , AT and MC . Theperformance of daily living activities was estimated by:velocity to move from sitting to standing position ( VSSP 1 ),velocity to move from supine to standing position ( VSSP

The Effects of Eccentric Exercise on Muscle Function and Proprioception of Individuals Being Overweight and Underweight

Abstract Paschalis, V, Nikolaidis, MG, Theodorou, AA, Deli, CK, Raso, V, Jamurtas, AZ, Giakas, G, and Koutedakis, Y. The effects of eccentric exercise on muscle function and proprioception of individuals being overweight and underweight. J Strength Cond Res 27(9): 2542–2551, 2013—The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of being overweight or underweight on proprioception at rest and after muscle damaging eccentric exercise. Twelve lean, 12 overweight, and 8 underweight female participants performed an eccentric exercise session using the knee extensor muscles of the dominant leg. Muscle damage indices and proprioception were assessed up to 3 days postexercise. The results indicated that proprioception at baseline of the lean individuals was superior to that of the other 2 groups. The overweight individuals exhibited a smaller knee joint reaction angle to release than did the lean group, whereas the underweight individuals exhibited a larger reaction angle to release than did the lean group. After eccentric exercise, proprioception was affected more in the overweight and the underweight groups than in the lean group. The greater exercise-induced muscle damage appeared in the overweight group, and the deficient muscle mass of the underweight participants could explain in part the greater disturbances that appeared in proprioception in these 2 groups than for the lean counterparts. In conclusion, deviating from the normal body mass is associated with significant disturbances in the proprioception of the legs at rest and after participation in activities involving eccentric actions.

Exercício aeróbico ou com pesos melhora o desempenho nas atividades da vida diária de mulheres idosas

Este estudo aleatorizado nao controlado teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de um protocolo de exercicio com pesos ou aerobico no desempenho das atividades da vida diaria em mulheres idosas. Para tanto, a amostra foi constituida por 41 mulheres idosas aparentemente saudaveis na faixa etaria de 60 a 85 anos de idade (x: 65,1 ± 7,9 anos) divididas aleatoriamente em grupo exercicio com pesos (n: 22) ou aerobico (n: 19). O grupo exercicio com pesos consistiu na execucao de tres series de oito a 12 repeticoes a 60% de uma repeticao maxima no exercicio leg press 45o. O grupo exercicio aerobico consistiu em pedalar em cicloergometro durante 40 minutos a 60% da frequencia cardiaca de reserva. Os dois protocolos foram realizados tres vezes por semana durante cinco semanas. As atividades da vida diaria selecionadas foram velocidade para se levantar de uma posicao sentada (VLPS), velocidade para se levantar de uma posicao deitada (VLPD), velocidade para subir escada (VSE) e velocidade para calcar e amarrar o tenis (VCAT). O grupo exercicio aerobico melhorou significativamente o desempenho em VCAT (19,1%), enquanto o exercicio com pesos incrementou significativamente o desempenho em VSE (4,3%) e VLPS (8,9%). Os resultados deste estudo permitem concluir que tanto o exercicio com pesos como o aerobico induziram efeito positivo nas atividades da vida diaria, sugerindo que ambas as modalidades de exercicio devem ser associadas a um programa adequado de exercicios para a melhora da capacidade funcional de pessoas idosas.

Immunological parameters in elderly women: Correlations with aerobic power, muscle strength and mood state

PURPOSE Our objective was to relate immunological data for healthy but sedentary elderly women to aerobic power, strength, and mood state. METHODS We measured peak aerobic power and one-repetition maximum strength along with mood (depression and fatigue), quality of life and carbohydrate intake on 42 women aged 60-77 years. Standard immunological techniques determined natural killer cell count and cytotoxic activity (NKCA), proliferative responses to phytohemaglutinin and OKT(3), various lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3(+), CD3(-)CD19(+), CD56(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD56(dim) and CD56(bright)), and markers of activation, maturation, down-regulation and susceptibility to apoptosis (CD25(+), CD28(+), CD45RA(+), CD45RO(+), CD69(+), CD95(+), HLA-DR(+)). RESULTS Correlations of immune parameters with aerobic power and strength were very similar for absolute and relative immunological data. In the group as a whole, the only correlation with aerobic power was -0.35 (relative CD4(+)CD69(+) count), but in subjects with values <22.6 mL kg(-1)min(-1) correlations ranged from -0.57 (relative CD4(+)CD45RO(+)) to 0.92 (absolute CD56(dim)HLA-DR(+)). In terms of muscle strength, univariate correlation coefficients ranged from -0.34 (relative and absolute CD3(+)CD4(+)CD8(+)) to +0.48 (absolute CD3(+)HLA-DR(+)) and +0.50 (absolute CD8(+)CD45RA(+)CD45RO(+)). Neither NKCA nor lymphocyte proliferation were correlated with aerobic power or muscle strength. Although mood state and quality of life can sometimes be influenced by an individuals fitness level, our multivariate analyses suggested that depression, fatigue and quality of life were more important determinants of immune profile than our fitness measures. CONCLUSIONS Psychological changes associated with aging may have a substantial adverse effect upon the immune system, and immunological function may be enhanced more by addressing these issues than by focusing upon aerobic or resistance training.

Hatha yoga on body balance

Background: A good body balance requires a proper function of vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems which can be reach with exercise practice and/or yoga. Aim: To determine the effects of a 5-month hatha yoga training program on body balance in young adults. Materials and Methods: This study used a controlled, nonrandomized design, where the experimental group underwent a 5-month training program and were then compared with the control group that had a sedentary lifestyle. A convenience sample of 34 out of 40 men aged 25-55 years old (34.0 ± 0.9) were deemed eligible for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: Experimental and control groups. Subjects in the experimental group were engaged in 60 min sessions of hatha yoga three times a week for 5 months. We evaluated postural control by measuring the limit of stability and velocity of oscillation (VOS) in three conditions of the balance rehabilitation unit (BRU) and through field procedures (four position, plane, flamingo, hopscotch, and dynamic test). Results: We observed differences (P < 0.05) in postintervention scores between the groups regardless of BRU parameters and field procedures (except for flamingo) even after adjusting for preintervention scores, suggesting that these changes were induced by hatha yoga training. The partial eta squared on BRU parameters ranged from 0.78 (VOS1)-0.97 (COP2), and from 0.00 (flamingo)-0.94 (four position) for the field procedures. Conclusions: Our results provide substantial evidence that postural control in healthy young adults can be improved through practicing hatha yoga.

Moderate resistance training program can reduce triglycerides in elderly women: a randomized controlled trial.

as jaw claudication, trismus, deafness, and visual disorders. In this case, there was only slight trismus. Confusion and cognitive disorders in the context of GCA have been described. Cognitive disorders are related to strokes due to GCA. In the current case, cerebral MRI did not reveal stroke or signs of vasculitis. Therefore, the decrease in cerebral blood flow due to arterial lesions (GCA) and arterial steal syndrome or probable encephalitis in a context of quadripyramidal syndrome and albuminocytologic dissociation in the CSF could explain the confusion. Pericarditis is exceptional in GCA, and when it is observed, the classical manifestations are usually absent, and it is associated with pleural effusion. So, the authors decided to check for GCA in a clinical picture of idiopathic pericarditis in a subject older than 50 because, in one-third of cases of GCA with pericarditis, the classical signs of GCA are absent. In conclusion, GCA must be considered in a context of FS, confusion, or pericarditis associated with inflammatory syndrome in an elderly subject because it is a therapeutic emergency and a straightforward therapy, corticotherapy, at the appropriate dose can prevent potentially serious complications.

Gait Speed Seems to Predict Body Balance in Elderly Women

Objectives: Determine the influence of body fat distribution, functional capacity, gait speed, and peak oxygen uptake on body balance of elderly women. Methods: Prospective clinical trial: at a university medical center. The sample consisted of 41 healthy elderly women aged from 61 to 77 years-old (68.1 ± 0.7 years). Body fat distribution was assessed by subcutaneous central body adiposity and waist girth. Functional capacity was determined by time taken to move from seated to standing position (TSSP) and time to tie sneakers. Gait speed was assessed by the time to walk 3.33 m. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Body balance was assessed by the time to maintain an unipodal position during 30 seconds. Results: There were no significant prediction power for subcutaneous central body adiposity (adjusted R2=.01; P =.471), waist girth (adjusted R2=.01; P =.355), TSSP (adjusted R2=.04; P=.107), time to tie sneakers (adjusted R2 =.01; P = .413) or VO2peak (adjusted R2=.03; P = .747) with body balance. Nevertheless, it was observed that the time to walk 3.33 m significantly predicted the body balance (adjusted R2 =.08; P = .047). Conclusions: Our results suggest that gait speed seems to be an important variable to predict body balance in elderly women. The prediction power of this association was very low, but appears to be a biological phenomenon because their impact was significant even in this small sample size.

Geração e transmissão do conhecimento

O avanco tecnologico permitiu nao somente acelerar ageracao e a transmissao do conhecimento, como, de modosimilar a uma epidemia, atingir (e possivelmente de ma-neira proporcional, contagiar), cada vez mais, maior nu-mero de pessoas. Como consequencia, podemos especial-mente por meio das revistas tecnicas especializadas estarem contato direto com os principais delineamentos experi-mentais e descobertas cientificas que transpoem as fron-teiras culturais, demograficas, economicas, sociais e tec-nologicas (alem de outras) entre as diversas nacoes, possi-bilitando aos paises, independente das mais variadas con-dicoes e situacoes, “globalizarem” os achados cientificos.Como exemplo mais recente deste fenomeno, pode ser con-siderada a finalizacao da estrutura genetica (o genoma) dapraga da laranja, a Xylella fastidiosa , feita por pesquisado-res brasileiros e que teve destaque na revista Nature