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Dive into the research topics where Valerie Mainz is active.

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Featured researches published by Valerie Mainz.


French Studies | 2017

Nationalizing France’s Army: Foreign, Black, and Jewish Troops in the French Military, 1715–1831. By Christopher J. Tozzi.

Valerie Mainz

À première vue, ce livre aborde l’Histoire de ma vie de Giacomo Casanova (1725–98) sous l’angle restreint de la petite société interlope d’aventuriers qui sillonnaient l’Europe du dix-huitième siècle. On y retrouvera effectivement plusieurs noms d’aventuriers qui ont laissé une trace dans l’histoire des cours, des prisons et des bas-fonds européens: Alexandre de Tilly, Joseph Balsamo (dit comte de Cagliostro), le comte de SaintGermain, Lorenzo da Ponte ou Charles de Beaumont (dit chevalier d’Éon). Mais en fait, le livre de Guillaume Simiand constitue une étude détaillée de la vie et de l’immense œuvre autobiographique (écrite en français, rappelons-le) de Casanova. Initialement publié en 1825 sous le titre de Mémoires, le manuscrit de l’Histoire de ma vie a connu un destin éditorial mouvementé qui n’est pas sans rappeler divers épisodes de la vie de l’aventurier vénitien. En faisant des péripéties de sa vie un récit littéraire construit et partiellement véridique, Casanova cherchait à faire fructifier ses souvenirs, qui se rapportaient parfois à des événements glorieux ou du moins étonnants: ‘Le récit “héroı̈que” chez l’aventurier vise à convertir ce qu’on pourrait nommer un capital narratif, corpus d’histoires vécues et toutes prêtes à faire l’objet d’un récit, en capital symbolique ou financier’ (p. 338). Comme Simiand le précise de façon convaincante, le long texte de Casanova n’a pas qu’une valeur anecdotique. L’individu ‘libre’ qu’est Casanova incarne à la fois une réalité sociale (certes quelque peu marginalisée) et, à travers sa vie aventureuse, un topos littéraire que Simiand compare avec raison à la tradition picaresque et à des œuvres comme Moll Flanders (1722) de Daniel Defoe: ‘L’Histoire de ma vie n’est en aucun cas un roman; mais elle porte en elle un fragment de l’essence secrète du romanesque, l’exaltation que fait ressentir l’ouverture vertigineuse d’un univers de possibilités’ (p. 599). Parmi les thématiques minutieusement analysées par Simiand, on trouve le jeu, source de revenus mais également métaphore révélatrice de ce que l’on pourrait appeler la philosophie de l’aventurier vénitien, son attitude face à la vie: ‘Le jeu est pour Casanova plus qu’un rite social. Il est un véritable mode de vie, qui s’ancre dans ses premières années vénitiennes’ (p. 166). Simiand examine également l’importance des voyages, de l’argent, du courage physique, et bien sûr de l’amour dans l’Histoire de ma vie. De façon générale, qu’il soit joueur, séducteur ou même escroc, le Vénitien voyageur jette un regard qui se veut lucide sur ses contemporains et sur les paradoxes de la moralité à l’intérieur des sociétés qu’il traverse: ‘Par ce double biais, le misanthrope et le fourbe hardi, Casanova se déclare donc deux fois connaisseur de la nature humaine’ (p. 127). Si les mémoires de Casanova ont l’avantage d’offrir un point de vue original sur de nombreux aspects de la vie quotidienne en Europe (et particulièrement en France) au dix-huitième siècle, Simiand consacre des pages fascinantes de sa conclusion à la descendance socioculturelle de l’aventurier: du dandy aux traders, de la bohème aux hackers. Le livre de Simiand est à recommander à tous ceux qui s’intéressent à la littérature et la culture du siècle des Lumières.


Oxford Art Journal | 2016

The Inequalities of Infamy

Valerie Mainz

The contribution has for focus the etching by Isaak Cruikshank, entitled The Martyr of Equality: Behold the Progress of our System. The critical analysis of the caricature conjoins the figurative forms of the visual imagery with its words investigating, in the process, several of the interdependent layers of meaning that can be imputed therefrom. Produced in the days after the execution of the French King Louis XVI, which had taken place on 21 January 1793, this satirical view of the beheading of the monarch shows off the mechanism of the guillotine as a bloody, equalising, killing machine. The central figure of Philippe Egalite, the King’s distant cousin who had voted for the death of the King, is in the guise of the executioner here, but he, too, would be sent to the guillotine on 6 November of the same year.


Archive | 2016

Recruitment and Revolution Before Thermidor

Valerie Mainz

Without purporting to be an explanation of history as it was, the close scrutiny of a range of visual imagery culled from newspaper reports, etchings, aquatints, engravings and other types of print media, engages with something of the complexities of revolutionary approaches to military call-up. The imagery predominantly relies on modes of visual representation inherited from the past, diverging from later nineteenth-century views that present the declaration of La Patrie en danger as a new, unprecedented and dramatic moment of mass coming together in unity.


Archive | 2016

Fame’s Two Trumpets

Valerie Mainz

The subversive devices of caricature give insight into the degrees of disgrace, disorder and infamy that accrue to the showing of military engagement in the service of the French nation. The frequent pairing in visual pendants of a going off to war with an ignominious coming back from warfare suggests, furthermore, the negative effects of warmongering on civil society. Even though they are couched within the mediating mechanisms of an idealising neoclassical aesthetic, satirical views and scenes dealing with the soldier’s return fail to live up to the aspirations of the opening lines of the Marseillaise.


Archive | 2016

Signing Up Before the Revolution

Valerie Mainz

The picturing of military recruitment before 1789 and the outbreak of the Revolution establishes the topic of signing up for the army as an important symbolic form of expression. How this trope has been incorporated into a range of two-dimensional visual images from prints of street cries to the high art of history painting, as also its presence in literary and text based performances, plays, satire and reportage, is considered. In this period, the military calling is generally viewed with a degree of ambivalence whilst certain key themes and conventions become codified into ways of showing the moment of transition from a civilian to a military status where men take up arms and leave sorrowful family and grieving womenfolk behind.


Archive | 2016

Deflecting the Fire of Eighteenth-Century French Battle Painting

Valerie Mainz

The contribution considers why battle painting was out of favour in France in the late eighteenth century before the emergence of the grandes machines of Napoleon’s reign. A visual emphasis on the expression of furious passions and emotions contradicted the idealising beauties of neoclassicism. History painting, rather than battle painting, was promoted as having the potential to be morally improving from within the Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture. The differing fortunes of the battle painter Jacques Gamelin and the history painter Jacques-Louis David at the time of the French Revolution indicate that, when the newly founded French nation first went to war, the depiction of battlefield emotion did not, as yet, incorporate the changed emotional culture of the modern-day battle scene.


Archive | 2016

Transforming Gloire and Military Sign-Up

Valerie Mainz

The chapter addresses the philosophical nature of the word gloire as it pertains to military motivation and as it is, more generally, an unstable, polysemic concept whose meanings have been probed over time and according to contingent sets of historical circumstances. Moral value accrued to the concept during the eighteenth century when it was allied to disinterested acts of self-sacrifice for the common good and away from the vainglory of the individual hero and conqueror. By the time of the French Revolution, a spirit of equality comes to the fore in recommendations for the awarding of honour and merit on account of exceptional feats of bravery that had been acted out for the good of the French nation.


Archive | 2010

The Chevalier d'Eon and his worlds: gender, espionage and politics in the eighteenth century

Simon Burrows; Jonathan Conlin; Russell Goulbourne; Valerie Mainz


Published in <b>2000</b> in Aldershot by Ashgate | 2018

Work and the Image: v. 2: Work in Modern Times - Visual Mediations and Social Processes

Valerie Mainz; Griselda Pollock


French Studies | 2017

Satire, prints and theatricality in the French Revolution. By Claire Trévien.

Valerie Mainz

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Simon Burrows

University of Western Sydney

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Jonathan Conlin

University of Southampton

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