Valery V. Korotaev

A Reference Model for Internet of Things Middleware

Internet of Things (IoT) is a term used to describe an environment where billions of objects, constrained in terms of resources (“things”), are connected to the Internet, and interacting autonomously. With so many objects connected in IoT solutions, the environment in which they are placed becomes smarter. A software, called middleware, plays a key role since it is responsible for most of the intelligence in IoT, integrating data from devices, allowing them to communicate, and make decisions based on collected data. Then, considering requirements of IoT platforms, a reference architecture model for IoT middleware is analyzed, detailing the best operation approaches of each proposed module, as well as proposes basic security features for this type of software. This paper elaborates on a systematic review of the related literature, exploring the differences between the current Internet and IoT-based systems, presenting a deep discussion of the challenges and future perspectives on IoT middleware. Finally, it highlights the difficulties for achieving and enforcing a universal standard. Thus, it is concluded that middleware plays a crucial role in IoT solutions and the proposed architectural approach can be used as a reference model for IoT middleware.

Alignment control optical-electronic system with duplex retroreflectors

In this paper, we consider the influence of various factors and interference invariant transformations measuring information on autoreflection schemes alignment control. Theoretical and experimental studies of an error for biprizm scheme. Shown that the main influencing factors are non-linear transformations in optical systems and the impact of the air path. Experimental studies were conducted based on two alignment control opto- electronic systems in which the control element (CE) is configured as one or two corner-cube retroreflectors.

Analysis of seismoacoustic activity based on using optical fiber classifier

This paper presents results of development of the method of seismoacoustic activity based on use of vibrosensitive properties of optical fiber.

Absolute scale-based imaging position encoder with submicron accuracy

Study is devoted to experimental research and development of absolute imaging position encoder based on standard calibrated scale of invar alloy with 1 mm spacing. The encoder uses designed imaging system as a vernier and absolute magnetic encoder as a rough indication. The features of optical design, choice and use of imaging system as long as indexes images processing algorithm are described. A shadow method was implemented: indexes images on a CCD array are formed by the lens focused at the scale surface; the laser module lights up the scale through a beam-splitting prism by a parallel beam. Further dark indexes images on a light scale background are detected and analyzed to estimate the encoder position. Full range of experimental tests was set to calibrate the encoder and to estimate the accuracy. As a result, accuracy close to 1 μm at 1 m was achieved.

Control measurement system for railway track position

The control of the railway track relative to the fixed system of reference is a necessary condition to ensure the safety of railway traffic. This paper describes the optical-electronic system of railway track control relative to the fixed system of reference. The system consists of two cameras and special marks. The system is installed on the leveling machine and performs measurements during its motion. System marks are installed on the contact-line supports. This paper presents the test results. The system determines the distance to the mark with an accuracy of 1.5 mm in the range of 1.5–7 mm and the vertical bias with an accuracy of 1.5 mm in the range of 200 mm. This paper describes the algorithms of the system, and special attention is paid to sources of error in such systems.

Accuracy characteristics of the shift control optical-electronic measurement system

High accuracy shift control of the large-size constructions (such as turbine or radio telescopes elements) is one of the tasks that could be solved by means of the optical-electronic autoreflection measurement system. The description of the system built on the autoreflection optical scheme with CCD-sensor, its design, accuracy characteristics and testing results are presented. The point image center determination algorithm with accuracy within 0.05 pixel as well as coordinate system conversion method and the results of theoretical estimate of total systems accuracy are also described. Influence analysis of optical components decenterings on the systems total error and sighting line displacement is also described. It is shown that decentering of focusing optical element is the primary impact. Precision characteristics were approved during the experiment; total error did not exceed 0.1 mm at a distance of 20 m.

Choice of the reflector for the autocollimating alignment telescope

The research is based on a shift control system built on autoreflection scheme. The aim is to examine the possibility of using of the cats eye reflector for the autocollimating alignment telescopes instead of more common tetrahedral reflectors (e.g. corner cube prism). Zemax simulations were made to study the influence of beam and image deformation (caused by this reflector) on the total system error. It is concluded that systems with large linear measurement range should have more exacting requirements of the mirror linear position adjustment while ones with small range require an accurate mirror tilt control. The alignment requirements for the cats eye reflector were also estimated.

High precision multimatrix optic-electronic modules for distributed measuring systems

The design of optical and electronic parts of multimatrix measuring modules is presented. Four optical channels in optical scheme are used. Correction algorithms for sensitivity and mutual declination of matrix photo detectors are presented. The practical realization of multimatrix measuring module is presented.

Towards energy-aware fog-enabled cloud of things for healthcare

Abstract The Internet-of-Things (IoT) represents the next groundbreaking change in information and communication technology (ICT) after the Internet. IoT is concerned with making everything connected and accessible through the Internet. However, IoT objects (things) are characterized by constrained computing and storage resources. Therefore, the Cloud of Things (CoT) paradigm that integrates the Cloud with IoT is proposed to meet the IoT requirements. In CoT, the IoT capabilities (e.g., sensing) are provisioned as services. Unfortunately, the two-tier CoT model is not efficient in the use cases sensitive to delays and energy consumption (e.g., in healthcare). Consequently, Fog Computing is proposed to support such IoT services and applications. This paper reviews the most relevant Fog-enabled CoT system models and proposes an energy-aware allocation strategy for placing application modules (tasks) on Fog devices. Finally, the performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated in comparison with the default allocation and Cloud-only policies, using the iFogSim simulator. The proposed solution was observed to be more energy-efficient, saving approximately 2.72% of the energy compared to Cloud-only and approximately 1.6% of the energy compared to the Fog-default.

Monitoring of deep-sea industrial facilities using fiber optic cable

This paper presents results of development of a hydroacoustic activity method based on use of vibrosensitive properties of optical fiber with fiber Bragg gratings. Analysis of changes for parameters of radiation in reflected signals, which take place due to microscopic hydroacoustic impacts on the optical fiber, allows to determine position of the source and to identify its class. The practical usage of the suggested approach has demonstrated its essential viability.