Valterlinda Queiroz

Overweight and Obesity Associated with Higher Depression Prevalence in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to review and synthesize scientific evidence to assess the association between excess body weight and depression among adults. Methods: The systematic research of observational studies was held from January to March 2015 on Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo, Psicodoc, Psycarticles, and Isi Web. A prevalence ratio (PR) was adopted as a summary measurement. All articles were evaluated for methodological quality and risk of bias. Metaregression was used to investigate heterogeneity and to identify the variation between the studies in relation to the estimates of the effects. Results: In this review, 9 studies (N = 171,701) met the inclusion criteria. All articles obtained adequate methodological quality. Most studies had high or unclear risk of bias. Overweight and obesity were assessed by body mass index. People with obesity were 32% more likely to have depression compared to those who were eutrophic (PR = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–1.38). After a gender analysis, the results showed statistically significant differences in obese versus eutrophic women (PR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.28–1.34). Conclusions: There is consistent evidence that overweight or obesity was associated with depression.

Protective effect of human lactoferrin in the gastrointestinal tract

OBJECTIVE To describe mechanisms of action of human lactoferrin to protect gastrointestinal morbidities. DATA SOURCES Nonsystematic literature review using the following databases: SciELO, Lilacs and Medline from 1990 to 2011. The key-words used were lactoferrin, human milk/breastfeeding, gastrointestinal, and immunity, in Portuguese and English. DATA SYNTHESIS Lactoferrin is the second predominant protein in the human milk, with higher concentrations in the colostrum (5.0 to 6.7mg/mL) if compared to mature milk (0.2 to 2.6mg/mL.) In contrast, cows milk has lower levels, with 0.83mg/mL in the colostrum and 0.09mg/mL in the mature milk. Lactoferrin has several physiological functions to protect the gastrointestinal tract. The antimicrobial activity is related to the ability to sequester iron from biological fluids and/or to destruct the membrane of microorganisms. Lactoferrin also has the ability to stimulate cell proliferation. The anti-inflammatory action exercised by lactoferrin is associated with its ability to penetrate the core of the leukocyte and to block the Kappa B nuclear factor transcription. Given the importance of lactoferrin to prevent infectious diseases for breastfed children, the industry is using genetic engineering techniques to develop the expression of recombinant human lactoferrin in animals and plants, attempting to adjust the composition of infant formulas to that of human milk. CONCLUSIONS Human lactoferrin is a peptide with great potential for preventing morbidity, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. Scientific evidence of the protective effects of human lactoferrin strengthens even more the recommendation for breastfeeding.OBJETIVO: Descrever os mecanismos de acao da lactoferrina humana na protecao de morbidades gastrintestinais. FONTES DE DADOS: Revisao nao sistematica da literatura utilizando como estrategia de busca pesquisa bibliografica em bases de dados, as quais incluiram SciELO, Lilacs e MedLine entre 1990 e 2011. Os descritores utilizados foram: lactoferrina, leite materno/humano, gastrintestinal e imunidade, nos idiomas portugues e ingles. SINTESE DOS DADOS: A lactoferrina e a segunda proteina predominante no leite humano, com concentracoes mais elevadas no colostro (5,0 a 6,7mg/mL) em relacao ao leite maduro (0,2 a 2,6mg/mL). Em contraste, o leite de vaca contem teores inferiores, 0,83mg/mL no colostro e 0,09mg/mL no leite maduro. A lactoferrina desempenha diversas funcoes fisiologicas na protecao do trato gastrintestinal. A atividade antimicrobiana esta relacionada a capacidade de sequestrar ferro dos fluidos biologicos e/ou de desestruturar a membrana de micro-organismos. A lactoferrina possui tambem a capacidade de estimular a proliferacao celular. A acao anti-inflamatoria desempenhada pela lactoferrina esta associada a capacidade de penetrar no nucleo do leucocito e bloquear a transcricao do fator nuclear Kappa B. Diante da importância da lactoferrina na prevencao de doencas infecciosas em criancas aleitadas ao peito, a industria vem, por meio da engenharia genetica, desenvolvendo tecnologias para expressar esta proteina recombinante humana em plantas e animais, na tentativa de adequar a composicao das formulas infantis aquela do leite humano. CONCLUSOES: A lactoferrina humana e um peptideo com potencial para prevenir morbidades, especialmente as gastrintestinais. Evidencias cientificas dos efeitos protetores da lactoferrina humana fortalecem ainda mais a recomendacao para pratica do aleitamento materno.

Preditores do crescimento linear no primeiro ano de vida em uma coorte prospectiva de crianças a termo com peso adequado

OBJECTIVE To investigate covariates that could affect the variation in mean length/age z scores in the first year of life of children born full term with normal birth weight. METHODS This was a prospective study of a cohort of mother-infant pairs recruited at public maternity units in two municipalities in the Brazilian state of Bahia, from March 2005 to October 2006. This paper reports the results for linear growth of 489 children who were followed-up for the first 12 months of their lives. A mixed-effect regression model was used to investigate the influence of covariates of mean length/age z score during the first year of life. RESULTS The multivariate mixed effect analysis indicated that mothers not cohabiting with a partner (beta = 0.2347; p = 0.004) and increased duration of exclusive breastfeeding (beta = 0.0031; p < 0.001) had a positive impact, whereas mothers height less than 150 cm (beta = -0.4393; p < 0.001), birth weight of 2,500-2,999 g (beta = -0.8084; p < 0.001) and anemia in the child (beta = -0.0875; p < 0.001) all had a negative impact on the variation in estimated length/age z score. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the results of this study indicate that short maternal stature, birth weight < 3,000 g and anemia in the infant had a negative effect on linear growth during the first year of life, whereas longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding and mothers who did not cohabit with a partner had a positive effect.

Efeito protetor da lactoferrina humana no trato gastrintestinal

OBJECTIVE To describe mechanisms of action of human lactoferrin to protect gastrointestinal morbidities. DATA SOURCES Nonsystematic literature review using the following databases: SciELO, Lilacs and Medline from 1990 to 2011. The key-words used were lactoferrin, human milk/breastfeeding, gastrointestinal, and immunity, in Portuguese and English. DATA SYNTHESIS Lactoferrin is the second predominant protein in the human milk, with higher concentrations in the colostrum (5.0 to 6.7mg/mL) if compared to mature milk (0.2 to 2.6mg/mL.) In contrast, cows milk has lower levels, with 0.83mg/mL in the colostrum and 0.09mg/mL in the mature milk. Lactoferrin has several physiological functions to protect the gastrointestinal tract. The antimicrobial activity is related to the ability to sequester iron from biological fluids and/or to destruct the membrane of microorganisms. Lactoferrin also has the ability to stimulate cell proliferation. The anti-inflammatory action exercised by lactoferrin is associated with its ability to penetrate the core of the leukocyte and to block the Kappa B nuclear factor transcription. Given the importance of lactoferrin to prevent infectious diseases for breastfed children, the industry is using genetic engineering techniques to develop the expression of recombinant human lactoferrin in animals and plants, attempting to adjust the composition of infant formulas to that of human milk. CONCLUSIONS Human lactoferrin is a peptide with great potential for preventing morbidity, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. Scientific evidence of the protective effects of human lactoferrin strengthens even more the recommendation for breastfeeding.OBJETIVO: Descrever os mecanismos de acao da lactoferrina humana na protecao de morbidades gastrintestinais. FONTES DE DADOS: Revisao nao sistematica da literatura utilizando como estrategia de busca pesquisa bibliografica em bases de dados, as quais incluiram SciELO, Lilacs e MedLine entre 1990 e 2011. Os descritores utilizados foram: lactoferrina, leite materno/humano, gastrintestinal e imunidade, nos idiomas portugues e ingles. SINTESE DOS DADOS: A lactoferrina e a segunda proteina predominante no leite humano, com concentracoes mais elevadas no colostro (5,0 a 6,7mg/mL) em relacao ao leite maduro (0,2 a 2,6mg/mL). Em contraste, o leite de vaca contem teores inferiores, 0,83mg/mL no colostro e 0,09mg/mL no leite maduro. A lactoferrina desempenha diversas funcoes fisiologicas na protecao do trato gastrintestinal. A atividade antimicrobiana esta relacionada a capacidade de sequestrar ferro dos fluidos biologicos e/ou de desestruturar a membrana de micro-organismos. A lactoferrina possui tambem a capacidade de estimular a proliferacao celular. A acao anti-inflamatoria desempenhada pela lactoferrina esta associada a capacidade de penetrar no nucleo do leucocito e bloquear a transcricao do fator nuclear Kappa B. Diante da importância da lactoferrina na prevencao de doencas infecciosas em criancas aleitadas ao peito, a industria vem, por meio da engenharia genetica, desenvolvendo tecnologias para expressar esta proteina recombinante humana em plantas e animais, na tentativa de adequar a composicao das formulas infantis aquela do leite humano. CONCLUSOES: A lactoferrina humana e um peptideo com potencial para prevenir morbidades, especialmente as gastrintestinais. Evidencias cientificas dos efeitos protetores da lactoferrina humana fortalecem ainda mais a recomendacao para pratica do aleitamento materno.

Índice de massa corporal obtido por medidas autorreferidas para a classificação do estado antropométrico de adultos: estudo de validação com residentes no município de Salvador, estado da Bahia, Brasil

Objective: to evaluate the validity of body mass index (BMI) calculated from self-reported weight and height and measured for use in anthropometric classification. Methods: validation study involving 65 adults from Salvador city, Brazil, using a telephone interview with weight and height measured in person. Paired t-test and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated; sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of self-reported BMI were estimated and verified. Results: women overestimated height by 3.15cm (p 0.05). The study showed ICC greater than 60.0% for weight, height and BMI, considering age, gender and schooling, except for male height; and accuracy for self-reported measures. The general measures of sensitivity, specificity and PPV were 92.9%, 78.4% and 76.5%, respectively. Conclusion: self-reported BMI showed to have been valid to be used on population anthropometric classification and monitoring.

FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS DURING PREGNANCY: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN A REGION OF THE NORTH EAST OF BRAZIL.

INTRODUCTION the nutritional panorama in Brazil indicates that the dietary patterns of the population is characterized by the increasing inclusion of saturated and trans fats, sodium, sugars, soft drinks. This epidemiological and nutritional challenges reflects in the patterns of illness and death. OBJECTIVE this study aims to identify patterns of food consumption and dietary changes in the first and third trimester of pregnancy. METHODOLOGY this is a prospective cohort study involving 185 pregnant women in the State of Bahia, from 2012 to 2013. We used a food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intakes. To identify the dietary pattern, the principal components factor analysis was adopted. We used the Pearson correlation test to identify the correlation between the patterns extracted in each trimester. RESULTS four patterns of food consumption during pregnancy were identified. We observed changes in the eating patterns over the trimesters evaluated, especially for the food groups of fruit, coffee, fats, fried snacks, sugar and sweets. DISCUSSION these dietary changes throughout the pregnancy accompany the physiological changes of each period of the pregnancy. In the first trimester, symptoms of nausea and vomiting are common, whereas in the same period cravings is reported, which may justify the consumption of a larger quantity of food deemed unhealthy. CONCLUSION it was observed that there were changes in the adoption of dietary pattern throughout the evaluated trimesters of pregnancy, especially for the groups of fruit, coffee, fats, fried snacks and sugar and sweets.

Prevalence and associated factors for early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding: meta-analysis on Brazilian epidemiological studies

Objetivos: sumarizar estudos brasileiros que analisaram os fatores de risco para interrupcao do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) antes dos seis meses de vida da crianca. Metodos: revisao sistematica e metanalise de artigos indexados na base de dados Bireme, Scielo e Pubmed, publicados no periodo de janeiro 2000 a dezembro de 2015. Resultados: 22 artigos foram incluidos na metanalise. Observou-se que os fatores relacionados ao recem-nascido como o baixo peso ao nascer (OR= 1,17; IC95%: 1,05-1,29), sexo feminino (OR= 1,09; IC95%: 1,04-1,13) e uso de chupeta (OR= 2,29; IC95%: 1,68- 2,91) foram os principais fatores de exposicao responsavel pelo aumento da ocorrencia de interrupcao do AME. No que se refere aos fatores de exposicao relacionados a mae, a idade materna inferior a vinte anos (OR= 1,22; IC95%: 1,12-1,33), a baixa escolaridade (OR=1.28; CI 95%: 1,11-1,45), a primiparidade (OR= 1,17; IC95%: 1,02-1,32), o trabalho materno no puerperio (OR= 1,26; IC95%: 1,11-1,41) e a baixa renda familiar (OR= 1,22; IC95%: 1,08-1,37) contribuiram significativamente para ocorrencia de interrupcao do AME. Conclusoes: a metanalise de estudos epidemiologicos brasileiros registrou evidencias para concluir que a idade inferior a vinte anos, baixa escolaridade, primiparidade, trabalho materno no puerperio e a baixa renda familiar estao associados com a interrupcao do aleitamento materno exclusivo ate os seis meses de idade. Criancas com baixo peso ao nascer, do sexo feminino e que usaram chupeta tiveram maior vulnerabilidade de nao serem amamentadas exclusivamente. Conclui-se, que a maioria deste fatores podem ser modificados por meio de politicas publicas de acompanhamento adequado durante todo o pre-natal,com acoes de promocao do aleitamento materno exclusivo.

Efecto protector de la lactoferrina humana en el sistema gastrointestinal

OBJECTIVE To describe mechanisms of action of human lactoferrin to protect gastrointestinal morbidities. DATA SOURCES Nonsystematic literature review using the following databases: SciELO, Lilacs and Medline from 1990 to 2011. The key-words used were lactoferrin, human milk/breastfeeding, gastrointestinal, and immunity, in Portuguese and English. DATA SYNTHESIS Lactoferrin is the second predominant protein in the human milk, with higher concentrations in the colostrum (5.0 to 6.7mg/mL) if compared to mature milk (0.2 to 2.6mg/mL.) In contrast, cows milk has lower levels, with 0.83mg/mL in the colostrum and 0.09mg/mL in the mature milk. Lactoferrin has several physiological functions to protect the gastrointestinal tract. The antimicrobial activity is related to the ability to sequester iron from biological fluids and/or to destruct the membrane of microorganisms. Lactoferrin also has the ability to stimulate cell proliferation. The anti-inflammatory action exercised by lactoferrin is associated with its ability to penetrate the core of the leukocyte and to block the Kappa B nuclear factor transcription. Given the importance of lactoferrin to prevent infectious diseases for breastfed children, the industry is using genetic engineering techniques to develop the expression of recombinant human lactoferrin in animals and plants, attempting to adjust the composition of infant formulas to that of human milk. CONCLUSIONS Human lactoferrin is a peptide with great potential for preventing morbidity, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. Scientific evidence of the protective effects of human lactoferrin strengthens even more the recommendation for breastfeeding.OBJETIVO: Descrever os mecanismos de acao da lactoferrina humana na protecao de morbidades gastrintestinais. FONTES DE DADOS: Revisao nao sistematica da literatura utilizando como estrategia de busca pesquisa bibliografica em bases de dados, as quais incluiram SciELO, Lilacs e MedLine entre 1990 e 2011. Os descritores utilizados foram: lactoferrina, leite materno/humano, gastrintestinal e imunidade, nos idiomas portugues e ingles. SINTESE DOS DADOS: A lactoferrina e a segunda proteina predominante no leite humano, com concentracoes mais elevadas no colostro (5,0 a 6,7mg/mL) em relacao ao leite maduro (0,2 a 2,6mg/mL). Em contraste, o leite de vaca contem teores inferiores, 0,83mg/mL no colostro e 0,09mg/mL no leite maduro. A lactoferrina desempenha diversas funcoes fisiologicas na protecao do trato gastrintestinal. A atividade antimicrobiana esta relacionada a capacidade de sequestrar ferro dos fluidos biologicos e/ou de desestruturar a membrana de micro-organismos. A lactoferrina possui tambem a capacidade de estimular a proliferacao celular. A acao anti-inflamatoria desempenhada pela lactoferrina esta associada a capacidade de penetrar no nucleo do leucocito e bloquear a transcricao do fator nuclear Kappa B. Diante da importância da lactoferrina na prevencao de doencas infecciosas em criancas aleitadas ao peito, a industria vem, por meio da engenharia genetica, desenvolvendo tecnologias para expressar esta proteina recombinante humana em plantas e animais, na tentativa de adequar a composicao das formulas infantis aquela do leite humano. CONCLUSOES: A lactoferrina humana e um peptideo com potencial para prevenir morbidades, especialmente as gastrintestinais. Evidencias cientificas dos efeitos protetores da lactoferrina humana fortalecem ainda mais a recomendacao para pratica do aleitamento materno.