Vasile Simulescu

PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLAME RETARDANTS

This paper reviews progress in flame retardants containing phosphorus, classifications and synthesis of different compounds, using domains and testing methods. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Presentation and classification 264 1.

Mixed-ligand complexes of iron(II), iron(III), copper(II), and cobalt(II) with pyrazolonic and 2,2′-bipyridine ligands

New mixed-ligand complexes, [M2(BAMP)(bipy)2][MCl4]2, M=Co+2(1), Cu+2(2), [M2(TAMEN)(bipy)2][MCl4]2, M=Fe+2(3), Co2+(4), and [Fe2(TAMEN)(bipy)2][FeCl6]2 (5), where BAMP and TAMEN stand for the Mannich bases N,N′-bis(antipyryl-4-methylene)-piperazine and N,N′-tetra(antipyryl-4-methylene)-1,2-ethane-diamine, respectively, have been obtained and characterized by elemental analyses, conductometric and magnetic susceptibility measurements at room temperature, mass spectrometry, UV-Vis, infrared, and mass spectroscopy, and 1H NMR spectra for the ligands.

New Hybrid Materials Synthesized with Different Dyes by Sol-Gel Method

One well-known method for hybrids synthesis with incorporated organic dyes is sol-gel method, which is based on the concept of molecular manipulation to design ceramics, glasses, and composites. The low-temperature process allows for the incorporation of guest organic molecules within the inorganic matrix, as well as for the synthesis of hybrid networks in which the organic and inorganic phases are interpenetrating. The aim of the work presented in this paper was the preparation of the gels with three different dyes, at different molar ratios by using the hydrolytic sol-gel process. The interaction of the dye and the oxide was examined by UV-vis spectroscopy and FT-IR. The thermal stability of the hybrid organic-inorganic xerogel formed here was studied by thermal analysis. The micrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the high density of the films. Such characteristics indicate the possible application of these films in solar cells.

Surface Modification of SnO2 with Phosphonic Acids

The aim of the present work was the study of phosphonic acids grafting on the surface of SnO2 at different molar ratios. In this paper we describe the functionalization of SnO2 surfaces with phosphonic acids RPO(OH)2. The surface modification process was achieved by using phenyl-phosphonic acid (PPA) and vinyl-phosphonic acid (VPA). The synthesized materials were investigated by using FT-IR, TGA (in air and in nitrogen), EDX, ESEM, and TEM methods. This synthetic approach has many advantages: films with optical quality and controlled thickness can be obtained using low temperatures and cheap raw materials, by using “green chemistry” synthetic routes. The hybrid materials have structures diversity and fascinating applications, attracting attention for a long time, due to their potential.

Synthesis by Reversed Phase Transfer Catalysis and Characterization of Naphthol AS-D Pigment

Reversed phase transfer catalysis (RPTC) was applied to synthesize the Naphthol AS-D pigment. This method consists in the transfer of the aryldiazonium cation 4-nitrobenzenediazonium from aqueous medium into the organic phase (nitrobenzene) in the form of a lipophilic ions pair by the catalyst used (perfluorooctyl potassium sulfonates). In the organic phase the azo-coupling reaction between 4-nitrobenzenediazonium chloride and 3-hydroxy-2-carboxylic acid 2-methyl-anilide (Naphthol AS-D) takes place as coupling component. Using this unconventional method of synthesis, an increase of the reaction rate, combined with a higher purity of the product, was obtained.

The use of mass spectrometry in obstetric and gynecology

AbstractThe present review shows the utility of using mass spectrometry (MS) in obstetrics and gynecology. In this review different gas chromatography / mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry methods developed before to be used in obstetrics and gynecology are described. These methods are very useful to determine different hormones in pregnancy, fatty acids esters (related to the use of ethanol) in human meconium and toxic compounds in umbilical cord (as ethanol, steroids, morphine, cocaine, methadone and other drugs).It is also shown in this review the progress during last decades in the field of using mass spectrometry in obstetrics and gynecology (for screening in utero exposure of the child to alcohol, drugs and other toxic compounds).In the field of using mass spectrometry in obstetrics and gynecology are still many problems to solve. For example, the detection of fatty acids esters in meconium has several limitations, which affects the results. One limitation is multiple births. Also in fetal distress, meconium may be passed before birth, and in this case, the collection is impossible. Moreover the meconium is formed starting from the fourth month of pregnancy, so the fetal exposure at any toxic compounds during the first three months cannot be detected at all. To solve all of these, the best would be to combine the results obtained from meconium, with other results obtained from pregnancy serum, placenta or umbilical cord.The main reason for using MS in obstetrics and gynecology is that MS is a noninvasive and a complementary method. It offers the results at a very early point in time, even before the act of birth. Sometimes the use of mass spectrometry is the only alternative. This shows that these methods are of great interest for the future and need to be developed further.