Ved Bhaskar

Long-term outcome of laparoscopic vesicouterine fistula repair: Experience from a tertiary referral centre

Objective Vesicouterine fistula (VUF) is an uncommon cause of female genito-urinary fistula. Most of these fistulas are due to lower segment uterine cesarean section (LSCS). Traditionally, open surgical repair has been the traditional treatment. However, laparoscopic repair of VUF is a minimally invasive technique and few case reports have been published with short term follow up. In the present study, we are presenting our long- term outcome of laparoscopic repair of VUF. Material and methods A retrospective analysis of 8 patients with VUF was performed from 2010 to 2015. Approval of Institutional Review Committee was obtained. All had history of LSCS of whom 3 had history of prolonged obstructed labor. Radiological imaging included ultrasound of kidney, ureter and bladder for all patients and hysterosalphingography in 4 patients and contrast enhanced computed tomography scan in 4 patients. Results Median age of the patient was 25.5 years (range, 22-32), and median follow up was 2.3 years (range, 1 -4). The most common presentation was cyclical menstrual bleeding through urine (menouria) in all, associated amenorrhea in 6 and vaginal leakage of urine in 2 cases. All patients underwent laparoscopic repair with successful outcomes. The mean operating time was 155±14.5 min (range, 135-186 min) with a median blood loss of 100 mL (range, 50-210 mL). Successful pregnancy was completed in 2 patients and other patients were taking contraceptives. Conclusion Laparoscopic repair of VUF is a safe and effective minimally invasive technique with successful pregnancy in long- term follow up.

WITHDRAWN: Transurethral Resection of Prostate and Bleeding: A Prospective Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to See Efficacy of Short-term Use of Finasteride and Dutasteride on Operative Blood Loss and Prostatic Microvessel Density

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Prospective randomized comparison of three endoscopic modalities used in treatment of bladder stones.

Introduction The aim of this study was to compare three endoscopic modalities used in the treatment of bladder stones: transurethral use of cystoscope or nephroscope and percutaneous cystolithotripsy (PCCL). Methods This study included 210 patients of bladder stone treated at a tertiary care centre in North India from January 2006 to July 2013 who were randomly assigned into three groups: group 1 (transurethral removal using cystoscope), group 2 (transurethral removal using nephroscope) and group 3 (PCCL). Baseline and perioperative data wererecorded and compared between three groups. Results Baseline parameters were comparable between the three groups. Operating time in group 2 was significantly less than the other two groups. Complete clearance was achieved in all the patients. Group 2 had maximum number of urethral entries. The incidence of perioperative complications (fever, transient haematuria and persistent leakage from suprapubic site) was comparable between these three groups. Till the last follow-up, 3.2% patients (n = 2) developed urethral stricture in group 1, 7.8% (n = 5) in group 2 and no patient developed urethral stricture in group 3 (p = 0.068). Conclusions Removal of bladder stones by the transurethral route, using a nephroscope, is the most effective treatment modality in terms of operative time with long-term urethral stricture rate similar to transurethral cystoscope technique. Comparatively, PCCL is a safe procedure with acceptable morbidity. Overall, all three techniques are equally efficacious in treating bladder stones of size 1-4 cm.

Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception with jejunojejunal intussusception (double telescoping)

A 55-year-old woman presented with features of gastric outlet obstruction not responding to conservative treatment at a peripheral hospital. She had gastric surgery 15 years before. On examination, there was a globular mass palpable in the epigastrium. Ultrasound and endoscopy findings were suggestive of retrograde jejunogastric intussusception. After initial resuscitation, emergency laparotomy was undertaken which revealed a jejunogastric intussusception at the previous retrocolic gastrojejunostomy site. After manual reduction of the intussuscepted loop by gentle traction, another segment of the jejunum was seen to be telescoping within this loop. On reduction, this jejunal loop was seen to measure around 20 cm and the apex of the intussusceptum was found to be gangrenous and perforated. Resection of the involved segment was done followed by a Roux-en-y anastomosis to restore the continuity.

Role of gemcitabine and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer: Experience over the last decade

Objective Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is considered the standard of care for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. In the last decade, interest in neoadjuvant chemotherapy has slowly shifted from methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin regime to gemcitabine and cisplatin regime. There are many publications on gemcitabine and cisplatin regime in literature which cover different aspects of treatment. This review aims to summarise the findings published so far on gemcitabine and cisplatin regime and present it in a concise manner. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted searching the PubMed® database in December 2016 using the medical subject heading (MeSH) with the terms gemcitabine, cisplatin, chemotherapy, muscle invasive bladder cancer, and neoadjuvant. All relevant studies were included and results were analysed. Results A total of 13 studies were included which published between 2007 and 2015. These 13 studies comprised of 754 subjects suffering from muscle invasive bladder cancer. The proportion of male patients ranged from 60% to 86.4% and the median age ranged from 54.2 to 77.3 years in various studies. Complete pathological response (pT0) was seen in 30.0% of patients and pathological downstaging (<pT2) was seen in 48.67% of patients. Conclusion As per latest guidelines, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. There is substantial pathological downstaging with low toxicity in patients of muscle invasive bladder cancer who receive neoadjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin regime.

MicroRNA-183-5p: A New Potential Marker for Prostate Cancer

The microRNA (miR)-183-5p is expressed at high level in the majority of cancer. The purpose of present study was to investigate the role of oncogenic miR-183-5p in prostate cancer (PCa) as biomarker. We carried out our experiment in 50 prostate cancer patients and 40 patients of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 40 adjacent controls tissue. The expression of miR-183-5p was evaluated through reverse transcription qualitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that the expression of miR-183-5p in PCa tissue was significantly up regulated as compared to BPH patients and adjacent normal tissues as control. Additionally, miR-183 expression was correlated with higher prostate-specific antigen, higher Gleason Score and metastatic condition. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that miR-183-5p distinguished PCa patients from BPH patients and also from control. In conclusion, our data suggest that oncogenic miR-183-5p may be useful as a new tissue specific diagnostic biomarker in prostate cancer.

Large bladder calculus masking a stone in single-system ureterocele

Ureterocele in an elderly is a rare entity. The presence of stone within ureterocele along with a large bladder calculus is an even rarer presentation. This phenomenon has not been reported so far to the best of our knowledge. We present an unusual case of a large bladder calculus with a concomitant stone in the associated ureterocele. The diagnosis was missed in the first instance due to the masking effect by the larger bladder calculus. Herein, we discuss this case and its management.

Renal fistulae: different aetiologies, similar management

Iatrogenic renocolic fistulae, although have been described in literature, is a rare clinical complication. Recently its incidence is on rise due to advent of minimally invasive surgery and percutaneous surgery of kidney. It has been reported after percutaneous nephrolithotomy but its incidence after percutaneous nephrostomy is quite uncommon and rarely reported. Though spontaneous renocutaneous fistula has been reported, acquired renocutaneous fistula is very uncommon and fistula after gun shot injury has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. Herein, we present two different varieties of renal fistula with completely different history and presentation. But the interesting point is that both were managed conservatively in a similar fashion and both of them responded well

Outcome analysis of transrectal ultrasonography guided aspiration versus transurethral resection of prostatic abscess: 10 years’ experience from a tertiary care hospital

Abstract Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of two minimally invasive methods (transrectal aspiration vs transurethral resection (TUR)/deroofing) of treating prostatic abscess. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted, from 2007 to 2016, of patients with prostatic abscesses not responding to antibiotics and/or with large (>2 cm) or multiple abscesses. Patients were divided into two groups depending on treatment received: Group A, transrectal aspiration; and Group B, TUR/deroofing of abscess. Results: The most common clinical presentation was dysuria (81.8%), followed by urinary frequency (68.2%), and fever (36.4%). Acute urinary retention occurred in seven patients. The most common infective organism in both groups was Escherichia coli (43.9%). The mean (SD, range) prostate volume was 36 (6.4, 17–68) mL and 37 (7.3, 21–72) mL in Groups A and B, respectively. The mean (SD, range) volume of the abscess was 51.24 (12.6, 21–215) mL and 48.34 (15.4, 15–240) mL in Groups A and B, respectively. Overall, 37 (84.1%) patients responded to treatment (68.4% in Group A and 96.0% in Group B, P < 0.23) after the first treatment session. Six patients in Group A and one patient in Group B had recurrence of abscess (P < 0.03). Of the six patients in Group A with recurrence, four patients had complete resolution after repeat aspiration (average 1–3 times). The mean (SD) follow-up duration was 17.25 (6.3) months. Conclusion: TUR of prostatic abscess is more effective (96%) than transrectal aspiration with a lesser hospital stay. However, transrectal aspiration was successful in 89% of cases, is less invasive and can be performed under local anaesthesia and or sedation.

Transurethral Bougie-guided Placement of Suprapubic Catheter Over Guide Wire Monorail in Females: A Novel Technique

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and effectiveness of a novel transurethral bougie-guided monorail technique for suprapubic catheterization in females with vesicovaginal fistula. METHODS Patients undergoing transvaginal vesicovaginal fistula repair from February 2013 to December 2013 were selected. Suprapubic catheter was placed using this technique and assessment was done in terms of time taken, intraprocedural dislodgement or entanglement of catheter during the procedure, bleeding from the anterior abdominal wall or urethra, or any other intraoperative difficulty. RESULTS All patients were catheterized smoothly without any intraoperative difficulty, with a mean time of 6 minutes. CONCLUSION We describe a new technique of performing suprapubic cystostomy in patients, especially where the bladder cannot be distended. It is safe and easy to perform.