Veerasathpurush Allareddy

Epidemiology of Facial Fracture Injuries

PURPOSEnInjuries resulting from accidents are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to present epidemiologic estimates of hospital-based emergency department (ED) visits for facial fractures in the United States.nnnMATERIALS AND METHODSnThe Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for 2007 was used. All ED visits with facial fractures were selected. Demographic characteristics of these ED visits, causes of injuries, presence of concomitant injuries, and resource use in hospitals were examined. All estimates were projected to national levels and each ED visit was the unit of analysis.nnnRESULTSnDuring 2007 in the United States, 407,167 ED visits concerned a facial fracture. Patients average age for each ED visit was 37.9 years. Sixty-eight percent of all ED visits concerned male patients, and 85,759 ED visits resulted in further treatment in the same hospital. Three hundred fourteen patients died in EDs, and 2,717 died during hospitalization. Mean charge per each ED visit was

Interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis in adult whites: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

3,192. Total United States ED charges were close to

Hospital based emergency department visits attributed to dental caries in the United States in 2006.

1 billion. Mean hospitalization charges (ED and inpatient charges) amounted to

Hospital Emergency Department Visits Attributed to Pulpal and Periapical Disease in the United States in 2006

62,414. Mean length of stay was 6.23 days, and total hospitalization time in the entire United States was 534,322 days. Frequently reported causes of injuries included assaults (37% of all ED visits), falls (24.6%), and motor vehicle accidents (12.1%).nnnCONCLUSIONSnThe management of maxillofacial fractures in EDs across the United States uses considerable resources. The public health impact of facial fractures is highlighted in the present study.

Discharge patterns of orthognathic surgeries in the United States.

BACKGROUNDnInterleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms have been associated with increased levels of inflammatory mediators and several inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the connective tissues and bone that support the teeth, affects substantial numbers of adults, and has been implicated as a contributing factor in systemic diseases. IL-1 gene polymorphisms, most prominently IL1A (-889), IL1A (+4845), and IL1B (+3954), have been associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) in whites. Since the first report, ≥125 studies have examined IL-1 gene variation in relation to periodontal disease. These studies have produced mixed findings in diverse periodontal phenotypes and in different ethnic groups. One previous meta-analysis has been published on this topic and supported an association between IL-1 genes and periodontitis, but considerable doubt remains about the patient populations in which the association may be of clinical relevance.nnnMETHODSnA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in an attempt to clarify whether IL-1 gene variants were associated with well-defined clinical phenotypes of CP in white patients. Study inclusion criteria focused on the analytic framework originally proposed for the IL-1 genetic effect in which overexpression of inflammatory mediators is hypothesized to result in more severe periodontitis in response to a bacterial challenge.nnnRESULTSnTwenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Nineteen studies yielded significant associations between carriage of the minor IL-1 alleles and periodontitis. The meta-analysis, based on 13 qualifying studies, found significant effects for the two individual gene variations (IL1A odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; IL1B OR = 1.54) and for a composite genotype that combines minor alleles at each locus (OR = 1.51). Statistically significant heterogeneity was found that could not be explained, but there was no indication of publication bias.nnnCONCLUSIONnThis review and meta-analysis show that IL1A and IL1B genetic variations are significant contributors to CP in whites.

Effect of occurrence of infection-related never events on length of stay and hospital charges in patients undergoing radical neck dissection for head and neck cancer.

OBJECTIVEnThere is a paucity of published studies presenting nationally representative estimates on hospital-based emergency department visits primarily attributed to dental caries. The objective of this study is to provide estimates of hospital-based emergency department visits attributed to dental caries in the United States.nnnMETHODSnThe Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, a component of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, was used for this study. All emergency department visits attributable to dental caries were identified using ICD-9-CM diagnoses codes and selected for analysis. Outcomes including hospital charges and length of stay in hospital were examined. Simple descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.nnnRESULTSnThis study found that in 2006, a total of 330,757 visits to hospital-based emergency departments occurred in the United States. The total charges were

Economics of facial fracture reductions in the United States over 12 months.

110 million. Approximately 45% of all visits by adults occurred among the uninsured. Medicaid was the most common payer for all visits by children, accounting for nearly 53% of all visits. About 38% of visits occurred among those residing in low-income areas. Hospitalization was required for 158 visits.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThis study provides nationwide estimates of hospital-based emergency department visits attributed to dental caries in the United States. The uninsured constituted the greatest proportion of emergency department visits among adults, whereas Medicaid was the major payer for children visiting the emergency departments.

Firearm related injuries amongst children: Estimates from the nationwide emergency department sample

BACKGROUNDnRelatively localized conditions such as infection of the pulp or periapical tissues if left untreated could spread and require hospital care. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of such hospital-based emergency department (ED) visits, to quantify hospital charges associated with those visits, and to identify characteristics of those members of the population who are likely to make such visits.nnnMETHODSnThe experimental design of this study involves the use of The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for the year 2006. All discharges with a primary diagnosis code for pulpal and periapical diseases (International Classification of Disease, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] code of 522) were selected for analysis. All estimates were projected to national levels using the discharge weight variables.nnnRESULTSnIn the United States, during the year 2006, a total of 403,149 ED visits had a primary diagnosis code for pulp and periapical diseases. The average patient age was 32.9 years. The mean hospital charge for ED visits was

Outcomes of hospitalizations attributed to periapical abscess from 2000 to 2008: a longitudinal trend analysis.

480, and the total charges for all the ED visits in the United States was

Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for Periapical Abscess in the United States

163,692,957. Among the ED visits, 5,721 were admitted to the same hospital for inpatient care. The mean length of stay after hospitalization was 2.95 days. The uninsured (39.92%) constituted the largest proportion of all ED visits.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThis study identifies high-risk groups that are likely to present to hospital-based EDs for the treatment of pulp and periapical diseases. This highlights the need for significant resources to treat such patients in a hospital care setting.