Vera Aparecida Madruga

Effect of resistance, endurance, and concurrent training on TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP.

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 16 wk of resistance training (RT), endurance training (ET), and concurrent training (CT) on inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and functional capacity in sedentary middle-age men. METHODS Healthy subjects were randomized into RT (n = 11), ET (n = 12), CT (n = 11), and a control group (n = 13). The subjects performed three weekly sessions lasting about 60 min for 16 wk. Maximal strength was tested in bench press and leg press. The peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured in an incremental exercise test. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CRP levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Maximal strength was increased after 16 wk, with no differences between RT and CT. VO2peak increased in ET and CT comparing before and after training. There were no significant differences in TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP comparing before and after training. CONCLUSIONS Sixteen weeks of RT, ET, or CT in middle-age healthy men has not affected low and moderate IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels. CT performed in the same weekly frequency and session duration of ET and RT was effective in increasing both maximal strength and VO2peak, in addition to improvements in lipid profile.

Effects of concurrent training on interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein in middle-aged men

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate- to high-intensity resistance and concurrent training on inflammatory biomarkers and functional capacity in sedentary middle-aged healthy men. Participants were selected on a random basis for resistance training (n = 12), concurrent training (n = 11) and a control group (n = 13). They performed three weekly sessions for 16 weeks (resistance training: 10 exercises with 3 × 8–10 repetition maximum; concurrent training: 6 exercises with 3 × 8–10 repetition maximum, followed by 30 minutes of walking or running at 55–85% [Vdot]O2peak). Maximal strength was tested in bench press and leg press. The peak oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2peak) was measured by an incremental exercise test. Tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were determined. The upper- and lower-body maximal strength increase for both resistance (+42.52%; +20.9%, respectively) and concurrent training (+28.35%; +21.5%, respectively) groups (P = 0.0001).[Vdot]O2peak increased in concurrent training when comparing pre- and post-training (P = 0.0001; +15.6%). No differences were found in tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 for both groups after the exercise. C-reactive protein increased in resistance training (P = 0.004). These findings demonstrated that 16 weeks of moderate- to high-intensity training could improve functional capacity, but did not decrease inflammatory biomarkers in middle-aged men.

Predictive equations overestimate the resting metabolic rate in postmenopausal women

The resting energetic dispenses on postmenopausal stage should be well known in order to elaborate obesity prevention programs.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the resting metabolic rate (RMR) measured by indirect calorimetry (RMRmeasured) with predictive equations (RMRestimated) and verify which preexisting equation is more indicated for this population, in inactive, postmenopausal women.Design43 postmenopausal women volunteered for the present study.MeasurementsRMRestimated value was achieved by indirect calorimetry. The predictive equations used were: Harris-Benedict equation (HB), Henry e Ree (HR), Mifflin-St Jeor equation (MSJ), World Health Organization equation (WHO) and Female Brazilian Population (FBP). Body composition was obtained through skinfolds method.ResultsAll equations showed significant difference values for kcal/day (p<0.00001) (HB 1313.07±73.46; HR 1310.95±81.41; MSJ 1207.93±93.17; WHO 1375.73±61.01 and FBP 1250.05±73.54 kcal/day) in relation to RMRestimated (1063.79±157.82). The WHO equation was the one which most overestimated the RMR values with a difference of more than 300kcal/day.ConclusionNone of the equations to approach, in this study showed precision in the estimative of RMR, all prediction equations overestimated RMR values in Brazilians’ postmenopausal women, although the MSJ predictive equation showed the greater approximation of RMRmeasured for this population.

Tradução e adaptação cultural da Escala Askas: Aging Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale em idosos brasileiros

En este articulo se presenta la traduccion y adaptacion de la escala ASKAS - Aging Sexual Attitudes and Knowledge Scale - para la cultura brasilena. Etapas metodologicas del estudio: traduccion de la escala del ingles al portugues por dos traductores independientes; sintesis de las traducciones; nueva traduccion de la sintesis de la escala al ingles; evaluacion de la version traducida por un comite de especialistas; y pretest con 43 sujetos. Despues del pretest se hizo un analisis cualitativo de la escala y se desarrollo una version pre-final. La validez del contenido de la escala se obtuvo mediante el analisis de la misma por el comite de expertos. El pretest indico algunas modificaciones que se deberian tomar en la escala de modo que fuera mejor entendida por los encuestados. El tiempo de aplicacion medio fue de 45 minutos, incluyendo la ficha con los datos personales. Se recomienda que la aplicacion de la escala sea asistida en casos de investigacion con ancianos con bajo nivel educativo.

Resposta da taxa metabólica de repouso após 16 semanas de treinamento com pesos em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Introduction: The physical changes from menopause such as decrease in lean mass (LM), growth and redistribution of body fat and decrease in resting energy expenditure, contribute to the increase in body size and subsequent increase in total body mass. Accordingly, the recognized benefits of resistance training (RT) are not only linked to increased strength and muscle hypertrophy, but also to body composition and consequently to the resting metabolic rate (RMR). Objective: To evaluate the RMR response after 16 weeks of RT in postmenopausal women. Methods: 28 female volunteers subdivided into two groups participated in the study: training (TG n = 17) and control (CG n = 11). The RT program was conducted in three weekly sessions, on alternate days and lasted approximately 60 min/session during 16 weeks. Load intensity was determined by means of target area of maximum repetitions, with weekly load readjustment. The oxygen consumption ( O2) and carbon dioxide production ( CO2), using open circuit indirect calorimetry was used to calculate the RMR according to Weir equation (1949). Statistical analysis: statistical package Bioestat, version 5.0, with a significance level of p <0.05 was used. Results: There was significant increase of the LM values and muscle strength in TG only. No significant differences were found for the RMR values after intervention for both groups. Conclusion: The RT program of 16 weeks was effective in promoting changes in body composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women; nevertheless, there was not change in RMR after intervention.

Sexualidade na velhice e qualidade de vida

O objetivo deste trabalho, realizado por meio de uma revisao de literatura, foi abordar uma revisao literaria sobre a influencia da sexualidade na qualidade de vida de idosos, tematica pouco discutida nas diferentes areas de pesquisas sobre envelhecimento. Diante da escassez de bibliografia na cultura brasileira, apresentou-se uma revisao de literatura sobre envelhecimento junto a tematica da sexualidade, trazendo uma trajetoria historica sobre estudos de sexualidade ao longo do tempo, discutindo a sexualidade na velhice e apontando como as pesquisas nesta area podem ser uteis para promover o aumento da qualidade de vida do ser humano, em particular, do idoso. As fontes bibliograficas, alem de livros classicos, foram artigos coletados na Base de Dados Ageline priorizando os publicados nos ultimos cinco anos, e alguns poucos artigos mais antigos para perfazer uma trajetoria historica da tematica. Conclui-se com este estudo que a tematica da sexualidade na velhice ainda e pouco estudada no Brasil proporcionando a perpetuacao de mitos sobre esse assunto alem de informacoes inadequadas e insuficientes para a populacao idosa.

Efeito do treinamento concorrente nos componentes da síndrome metabólica de homens de meia-idade

INTRODUCTION: The practice of regular physical exercise is considered critical to prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, but little is known about the ideal form of training. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 16 weeks of concurrent training (CT) with weekly frequency and duration of the session similar to strength training (ST) and endurance training (ET) isolates, in the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) of middle-age men. METHODS: Forty-two clinically healthy men were selected and divided into four groups: ET (n = 13), ST (n = 9), CT (n = 10) and control group (CG, n = 10). The training was composed of two steps (E1 and E2) with a duration of eight weeks each, and frequency of three sessions/week (ST: ten exercises with 3 x 8-10 RM; AT: 60 min. Walking or running at 55 -85% VO2peak, CT: six exercises with 3 x RM 8.10, followed by 30 min. walking or running at 55-85% VO2peak). We evaluated waist circumference (WC), lipid profile, glucose, blood pressure (BP), maximum force and VO2peak. RESULTS: The WC reduced to the AT (-1.70%, p = 0.023) and CT (-1.66%, p = 0.018) and LDL to the ST (-25.03%, P = 0.047) and CT (29.74%, p = 0.011). The CT promoted the reduction in systolic BP (-7.83%, P = 0.029). The maximum force and peak VO2 increased for the three training groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The performance of CT weekly frequency and duration of sessions similar to the ET and ST alone is more effective for the improvement of MS components.

Dano muscular: resposta inflamatória sistêmica após ações excêntricas máximas

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a resposta inflamatoria induzida por grande numero de acoes excentricas (AE) maximas realizadas pelos flexores do cotovelo. Participaram do estudo nove homens jovens, que realizaram 35 series de seis AE nos flexores de cotovelo, com intervalo de um minuto, utilizando um dinamometro isocinetico em uma velocidade de 210o.s-1. As variaveis mensuradas foram: a contracao isometrica voluntaria maxima (CIVM), a amplitude de movimento (AM), a dor muscular de inicio tardio (DMIT), a interleucina-6 (IL-6) e o fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α). Alteracoes significantes foram observadas para os marcadores indiretos de dano muscular (CIVM, AM e DMIT), entretanto nao houve modificacoes para os marcadores inflamatorios (IL-6 e TNF-α). Em conclusao, os resultados demonstraram que mesmo com alteracoes nos marcadores indiretos de dano muscular apos a realizacao de um grande numero de AE nao foram observadas alteracoes na resposta inflamatoria sistemica.

Características pessoais e participação em bailes numa instituição de longa permanência para idosos

E crescente a populacao idosa bem como o numero de moradores em Instituicoes de Longa Permanencia. Uma das atividades que proporciona beneficios para estas pessoas e a danca, mas pouco se sabe sobre sua pratica nestas instituicoes. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo e verificar fatores que podem limitar ou incentivar pessoas a participarem ativamente de bailes, no âmbito de uma destas entidades. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratoria, na qual participaram um Grupo de Moradores da Instituicao (GMI), com 30 pessoas e media de 72,6 (±9,6) anos de idade e um Grupo de Visitantes (GV), com 30 pessoas e media de 68,1 (±10,2) anos de idade, frequentadoras destes bailes durante, pelo menos, um ano. Foi observada a historia de vida relacionada a danca atraves de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos entrevistados comecou a dancar na juventude, por influencia da familia, em bailes realizados nos sitios, sendo que desta epoca para os dias atuais ocorreram mudancas nestes eventos, que foram minimizadas na instituicao. Foi encontrado menos empenho para participacao nas atividades e maior debilidade nas caracteristicas fisicas no GMI, que tambem declarou fazer poucas amizades durante o evento, receber poucos elogios e permanecer a maior parte do tempo apenas observando outros dancarem. Mostrou-se necessario o oferecimento de atividades que possibilitem uma participacao mais ativa destas pessoas, proporcionando subsidios para que possam desenvolver suas caracteristicas pessoais, de modo a favorecer a pratica desta atividade que, de retorno, podera trazer beneficios a saude.A growing elderly population and an increase in the number of residents of long-stay institutions are currently observed. One of the activities that provides benefits to these individuals is dancing, but little is known about this practice in these institutions. The objective of this study was to identify factors that limit or encourage residents of these institutions to actively participate in dance events. This qualitative and exploratory study involved a group of 30 residents of a long-stay institution (mean age: 72.6 ± 9.6 years) and a group of 30 visitors (mean age: 68.1 ± 10.2 years), who had participated in dance events for at least one year. The personal history related to dancing was obtained by semistructured interviews. The results showed that most responders began dancing at a young age influenced by their families, attending country dances. However, changes have occurred over the years and these events have been greatly reduced at the institution. Less commitment to participate in activities and greater physical debilitation were observed in the group of residents of the long-stay institution. These subjects also reported that they make few friends during the event, receive little praise, and are most of the time only watching others dancing. It was concluded that it would be necessary to offer activities that permit more active participation, contributing to the development of the personal characteristics of the subjects, in order to promote this practice which, in turn, could produce health benefits.

Inflammatory responses after different velocities of eccentric exercise

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to verify the indirect markers of muscle damage and inflammatory response following different velocities of eccentric exercise in women. METHODS: Nine women performed isokinetic eccentric actions at a slow velocity (Ecc30 group, 23.8 ± 2.0 years; 57.8 ± 7.0 Kg; 1.6 ± 0.5 m) and another ten women performed at high velocity (Ecc210 group, 22.2 ± 3.9 years; 56.4 ± 6.0 Kg; 1.6 ± 0.5 m). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), range of motion (ROM), upper-arm circumference, muscle soreness, creatine kinase (CK),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) weremeasured before, immediately after (except CK and cytokines), and 24, 48 and 72 h following exercise. Normalized changes in the variables following exercise were compared between velocities by a mixed model. RESULTS: The Ecc30 demonstrated greater CK activity than the Ecc210 (group vs. time interaction, P< 0.001). A group effect for circumference and ROM ( P< 0.001) and a time effect for circumference (P = 0.003), ROM (P = 0.004), soreness ( P< 0.001), TNF-α(P = 0.004), IL-6 (P = 0.001) and IL-10 (P = 0.041) were found. The Ecc30 showed large effect sizes for TNF-α and IL-6 compared to Ecc210, which presented small and moderate effect sizes, respectively. IL-10 showed a moderate effect size for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The velocity of the eccentric exercise does not modulate the systemic anti-inflammatory response, at least for a low number of muscle contractions performed by a small muscle group in women.