Vera Kartseva

Control patterns in a healthcare network

To keep a network of enterprises sustainable, inter-organizational control measures are needed to detect or prevent opportunistic behaviour of network participants. We present a requirements engineering method for understanding control problems and designing solutions, based on an economic value perspective. The methodology employs a library of so-called control patterns, inspired by design patterns in software engineering. A control pattern is a generic solution for a common control problem. The usefulness and adequacy of the control patterns is demonstrated by a case study of the governance and control mechanisms of the Dutch public health insurance network for exceptional medical expenses (AWBZ).

Toward a Modeling Tool for Designing Control Mechanisms for Network Organizations

In network organizations and e-commerce, control mechanisms to guarantee interorganizational contract compliance enhance trust that business transactions are fair. In this paper, we propose a design technology, called e3-control, to develop such controls. The e3-control design methodology is an extension of the e3-value design methodology for business models, which models economic-value exchanges, rather than operational processes, between the organizations in a network. A methodology for designing control mechanisms should include three steps: (1) design an interorganizational value-exchange model of the network, (2) analyze interorganizational control problems within the network (i.e., possible violations of contractual obligations related to the value model), and (3) design control mechanisms to detect or prevent such control problems. The usability of the proposed e3-control design methodology is demonstrated in a case from the electrical industry.

Designing Value-Based Inter-organizational Controls Using Patterns

Networked organizations, consisting of enterprises who exchange things of economic value with each other, often have participants who commit a fraud or perform other actions, not agreed in a contract. To explore such opportunistic behavior, and to design solutions to mitigate it, we propose the e 3 controlapproach. This approach takes the valuable objects, which are exchanged between enterprises, as a point of departure, and proposes a control patterns library to find solutions for various types of opportunistic behavior in network organizations. The practical use of the patterns is illustrated by a case study in the field of renewable electricity supply in UK.

Value-based Design of Networked Enterprises Using e³control Patterns

Networked organizations, consisting of enterprises who exchange things of economic value with each other, often have participants who commit a fraud or perform other actions, not agreed in a contract. To explore such opportunistic behavior, and to design solutions to mitigate it, we propose the e3 control approach. This approach takes the valuable objects, which are exchanged between enterprises, as a point of departure, and proposes a control patterns library to find solutions for various types of opportunistic behavior in network organizations. The practical use of the patterns is illustrated by a case study in the field of renewable electricity supply in UK.

Modelling Value-based Inter-Organizational Controls in Healthcare Regulations

Products and services are increasingly offered by value webs, rather than by a single enterprise. Typically, value webs need inter-organizational controls to prevent fraudulent behaviour of actors. To design and analyze controls, we developed the economic value-based methodology e 3-control, which so far has been applied mainly in commercial environments, which are regulated by contractual arrangements. In this paper, we use e 3 control in a highly regulated environment, which contains public-private partnerships, namely the healthcare sector in The Netherlands. Lessons learned include that the notion of economic reciprocity — as present in a commercial setting — is not always apparent in highly regulated environments; and that a highly regulated environment requires artefacts like evidence objects, which can be dealt with as if they were value objects.

Towards a Typology for Designing Inter-Organisational Controls for Network Organisations

In this paper a typology is introduced for inter-organisational control mechanisms for network organisations. We also show how the design and analysis of such inter-organisational controls can be supported with the design methodology e^3 -value⁺.

Designing Control Mechanisms for Value Exchanges in Network Organisations

Contracts and organizational controls to monitor contract compliance are important tools to enhance trust in a fair business transaction in network organisations and electronic commerce in general. In this chapter, we propose a design methodology for such contracts and supporting controls, utilizing inter-organisational value models. We argue that a framework for designing control mechanisms should include three steps: design of an inter-organizational value model, analysis of possible violations of contractual obligations underlying this value model, and design of control mechanisms to detect or prevent such violations. It is shown how the e3-value methodology, which was developed to design business value models, can be extended to model obligations of parties. We use concepts and ideas from deontic logic (the logic of obligations and permissions) to develop an extension of e3-value called e3-value+. The e3-value+ approach is a design tool for modelling violations of obligations, which can be used in contract drafting and contingency planning for inter-organisational collaboration in network organisations.