Vicente Celestino Pires Silveira

Análise econômica da ovinocultura: estudo de caso na Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The goal of this study is to examine the production costs and profitability of the sheep raising sector in the south of Rio Grande do Sul. The economic analysis included seven sheep farms throughout 12 months, between August of 2006 and July of 2007. Expenses, revenue and value of products consumed in the farm were measured monthly. Depreciation and physical assets were calculated based on patrimony and breeding stock inventory. Costs were divided in variable, fixed, operational and total. Economic indicators were computed to evaluate sheep production profitability. Results showed that variable and opportunity costs had the largest impact on total costs. In terms of operational costs, labor were the largest expense for sheep raising farms. Overall, sheep production is a profitable activity, as indicated by positive gross margins and operational revenue indicators. However, net margins were negative across all farms included in the study.

Qualidade da pastagem nativa obtida por diferentes métodos de amostragem e em diferentes solos na Apa do Ibirapuitã, Brasil

Heterogeneous ecosystems are found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul as a consequence of the great number of soil types and variation in altitude and climate. These conditions reflect on the great variety of flora present in the grassland communities. The Area of Environmental Protection of the Ibirapuita (APA of Ibirapuita) is the only conservation unit under federal jurisdiction representative of the Campos bioma in Brazil. The objective of this work was to obtain information about the quality of the natural pasture on three types of soils in APA of Ibirapuita: Superficial Basalt, Deep Basalt and Sandy, using three methods: total monthly accumulation using cages, hand plucking and regular cut. The data were collected monthly between October/2001 and September/2002. The native pasture on Superficial Basalt soil had superior nutritional quality when compared to the others, as seen in the results of different quality analyses. The pasture sampling methods did not influence the neutral detergent fibre content. The results indicate the hand plucking method, as the best for native pasture quality evaluations due to its effectiveness and facility of collection.

A relação entre o preço pago pelo consumidor de carne bovina em Santa Maria e o recebido pelo produtor de gado de corte no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This study analyses how much of prices paid by the consumers of beef meat are passed on to the farmer. The prices of different types of beef cuts were collected monthly in four supermarkets in Santa Maria-RS, Brazil. The percentage values of different cuts were obtained and multiplied by the price paid by consumers. Thus, it was calculated the adjusted price of kilogram of carcass commercialized at supermarket. The average price per kilogram of live steers received by the farmer was collected by EMATER-RS. There was a low price variation throughout the year of carcass cuts, when referring to the price of the whole carcass. In average, the Forequarter represented 26.10%, the Sidecut 13.40% and the Sawcut 60.50% of the total price. The roll of the post farm production sectors in maintaining a low consumer price variation with a reduced margin variation of 7.6 points during the year was made evident. The relation between the prices received by farmer and the prices paid by consumers for each four-month period of the year present different results: weakness, strength negative and strength positive associations in the first, second and third periods, respectively.

Evaluation of "Pampa-Corte" simulation model in different beef cattle fattening systems in Spain

The Pampa-Corte model was developed to simulate the growth of beef cattle in grazing systems in a dynamic and mechanistic way. It was validated under Brazilian conditions. This paper aims to verify the performance of the model in conventional and alternative beef cattle finishing systems in Spain. An experimental dataset of 21 Parda de Montana calves of similar age and weight at weaning was used to evaluate the model. They were slaughtered individually on reaching 450kg liveweight. The model considered genetic group maturity rather than breed, in order to adjust growth parameters, once Parda de Montana breed is not contemplated by AFRC (1993). Parameters from late maturing group were initially used considering adult animal size of Parda de Montana animals; however, the best fit was with values from the early maturing group. The model predicted accurately animal growth in grazing and conventional finishing systems in Spain, although estimates were less precise when changes in animal management involved physiologic modifications.

Evolução dos preços históricos da bovinocultura de corte do Rio Grande do Sul: tendência e comportamento dos preços em nível de produtor e consumidor

Objetivou-se analisar o comportamento historico dos precos pagos ao produtor de bovinos de corte e os precos pagos pelos consumidores por diferentes cortes de carne bovina no Rio Grande do Sul, nas ultimas decadas. O estudo foi realizado com base em duas series historicas de precos nominais mensais, a de precos pagos ao produtor, obtida junto a EMATER/RS e a de precos pagos pelo consumidor final, por meio dos valores pagos na comercializacao dos cortes alcatra, coxao de dentro, coxao de fora, patinho, chuleta, file mignon, costela e paleta, obtidos junto ao IEPE/UFRGS. Os precos nominais foram deflacionados para dezembro de 2006 pelo IGP-DI/FGV. Calcularam-se tambem os Indices de Preco ao consumidor e ao produtor. Para a analise de tendencia dos precos reais pagos ao produtor, foram ajustadas retas de regressao sobre os precos reais para os periodos de 1977-1994 e 1995-2006, utilizando-se o metodo dos minimos quadrados. Os precos pagos por quilograma de peso vivo do boi gordo no Rio Grande do Sul apresentaram tendencia declinante significativa de 1977 a 1994, obtendo maior estabilidade de 1995 a 2006, sem tendencia significativa de queda no periodo. Os precos pagos pelo consumidor nao apresentaram o mesmo comportamento de queda dos precos pagos ao produtor, obtendo menor desvalorizacao no periodo analisado. Dentre os cortes analisados, os precos da costela e do file mignon apresentaram comportamento distinto dos demais, verificando-se elevacao de precos principalmente durante a decada de 1990.

Aplicação do Método Mesmis para Análise da Sustentabilidade de Sistemas de Produção da Pecuária Familiar em Área do Bioma Pampa no Rio Grande do Sul

Representing a set of very ancient ecosystems, the Pampas Biome features peculiar flora and fauna and great biodiversity, not fully described by the science. Since the Iberian colonization, extensive livestock (beef and sheep) on native grasslands has been the main economic activity of the region. The progressive introduction and expansion of monocultures and pastures with exotic species have led to a rapid degradation and mischaracterization of natural landscapes of the Pampa. The purpose of this article is to assess the sustainability of different livestock production systems of family farmers in Rio Grande do Sul. It was used the Mesmis method for the sustainability analysis of three groups of identified production systems: CN (Natural Grassland), CN+C (Natural Grassland + other cultives) and CN + S (Natural Grassland + Soybean). A significant difference was identified (p <0.05) for “Productivity” attribute between CN + C and CN+ S systems, the first being greater than the second. For other attributes of sustainability there were no significant differences between the studied production systems. Keyword: Sustainability. Small livestock farmers. Soybean. 1 Doutora em Extensão Rural pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. carolinanicoloso@hotmail.com 2 Doutor em Resource Management pela University of Edinburgh, Escócia. Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Extensão Rural da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. vcpsilveira@gmail.com 3 Mestre em Zootecnia pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Engenheiro Agrônomo da Associação Riograndense de Empreendimentos de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural. rfilho@emater.tche.br 4 Doutor em Zootecnia pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. flfquadros@yahoo.com.br

Biogas originated from residual biomass in ecosystem services

Human demand for the provisioning services of the ecosystem has been rising and shows the existence of trade-offs in their generation. Brazil is a great producer of agricultural commodities and animal protein, which generates a large amount of residual biomass throughout the production process, especially animal highly polluting waste concentrated in small areas. Ecosystems provide a wide range of services that are of fundamental importance to the well-being, health, subsistence and survival of human beings. The impacts of the waste generated by confined animals can degrade the ecosystem and reduce the services it can supply. Using waste to generate biogas does not require direct resources from the ecosystems to generate energy. In this context, it is an energy product classified as a provisioning service and, at the same time, an ecosystem regulating service, as it mitigates undesirable effects in the environment. The main goal of the classification of biogas as an ecosystem service is to explore its contributions to the ecosystem and to human well-being.

Pronaf: una política conquistada, pero ¿cómo mantenerla?

This article aims to discuss the unequal and asymmetric process of public investments offered to Pronaf, business agriculture and the general lines of agricultural credit in the Brazilian rural environment. Pronaf reduced public investment in rural credit from 17% to 13%. This differs from the amounts invested in business agriculture and agricultural credit lines, where there is continuous monetary and percentage growth. Among the objectives of Pronaf is the strengthening of family farming. It is perceived that there is an incentive for the family farmer to incorporate productivist models of specialized and biased agricultural production into the market. As a working method, an analysis is made of the data on the public resources offered and programmed for rural credit, the contributions of resources for agricultural credits (rural credit lines and Pronaf), and the financing conditions of Pronaf between harvests from 2003-2004 to 2015-2016.

Dinámica de los núcleos agrarios en México

Este articulo presenta por un lado como la ley e instituciones en materia agraria establecen una estructura y funcionamiento para el campo mexicano en su propiedad social, sin embargo, resalta la dinamica que ellos mismos han generado. Donde en la practica, lo real no corresponde completamente con la legislacion, siendo esta a su vez, un producto de remanentes conceptuales los que hasta hoy, diferencian dos nociones que probablemente no tengan de fondo caracteristicas suficientes para ser consideradas por la ley de formas distintas.

Lamb growth simulation through Pampa Corte model adapted to sheep

The Pampa-Corte model developed to simulate growth of beef cattle was adapted to simulate lamb growth. This paper has the objective to describe the main modifications and the fitness of model in the simulations of lamb growth. To validate the model two datasets from Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (Zaragoza, Spain) were used. The first one used data from 29 male and 10 female lambs of Rasa Aragonesa breed born in spring of years 2005, 2006 and 2008. The second data came from 32 male lambs of Churra Tensina breed born in spring of years 2004 and 2007. The model showed good fit between observed and simulated data in intensive finishing lamb systems, although small deviations were observed after slaughtering the first animals that reached the commercial live-weight (LW) of 22kg.