Vicente Wagner Dias Casali

Teor de metais pesados e produção de alface adubada com composto de lixo urbano

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of fertilization with urban solid waste on the level of heavy metal and yield of lettuce cultivars after three successive crops. The experiment was carried out from October/95 to June/96 under field conditions, in Vicosa (Brazil), on Yellow Red Latosol soil. The experimental design was of complete randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial cheme 4 x 3 (four levels of compost - 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1 x three cultivars - Regina, Vitoria Verde Clara and Brasil-303), with four replications. Each plot was constituted of 20 plants, spaced 25 x 30 cm, where data were collected from the three central plants. Fresh and dry weight matter and Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr content were determined after 46, 142 and 222 days of application, respectively. Yield increased with higher compost rates, particularly on first crop, where Regina, Vitoria Verde Clara and Brasil-303 produced 333.82; 337.81 and 303.60 g.plant-1 (fresh weight), respectively. On the second crop, there was little effect and on the third crop, there was not influence of compost on the yields. Levels of heavy metals content in plants was increased as an effect of the compost, in the following order: Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn. On the second crop, the effect was intermediate and the third crop, was not influence by compost, indicating consequent decrease in the influence of compost on level of heavy metals in plant. No heavy metals were detected in toxic level to the plant.

Avaliação da diversidade genética em pimentão através de análise multivariada

Diversity among 133 sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes in relation to twelve agronomic characteristics was assessed through multivariate analysis techniques (Mahalanobis D2 distances, Tochers cluster analysis, and dispersion graph analysis). The trial was carried out from October 6, 1993 to March 19, 1994, under field conditions, in Vicosa (MG), on a red yellow podzolic soil. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, with three replications, and each experimental plot was made up of six plants (2.16 m2). Through the analysis it was possible to cluster the sweet pepper genotypes in fifteen distinct groups. Genotypes P-141-195-F10, P-142-270-F10, P-141-90-F13, cv. Apolo AG 511 and P-142-222-F13 were the most divergent and showed the highest yields (935 g/plant) and fruit quality (bright, conical-shaped, uniformly dark green coloured fruits, with a reduced occurrence of deformations), which qualifies them as promising for genetic breeding programs. The characteristics that contributed less to genetic diversity were total yield per plant, number of days to begin flowering, index of cropping concentration, and stem and stalk diameter. Those with major contributions were firstly bifurcation and plant height, length/width ratio of fruits and index of earlyness.

Genetic diversity of squash germplasm from northeast of Brazil.

O trabalho foi conduzido na Estacao Experimental, da Embrapa Semi - Arido, em Juazeiro (BA), de agosto a dezembro de 1993. Objetivou-se avaliar, por meio de tecnicas de analise multivariada, o grau de similaridade genetica entre 40 acessos de abobora, coletados em tres areas distintas da regiao Nordeste. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com tres repeticoes e parcela util composta por oito plantas. Avaliou-se o comprimento medio do internodio do peciolo e do limbo; diâmetro medio do caule; largura media do limbo foliar; numero medio de dias para antese da primeira flor masculina e da primeira flor feminina; localizacao do no da primeira flor masculina e da primeira flor feminina; peso medio, comprimento, diâmetro maior e diâmetro menor do fruto, espessura do epicarpo e da polpa, diâmetro da cavidade interna do fruto; teor de solidos soluveis, teor de materia seca, numero medio de sementes por fruto, comprimento medio de semente, peso medio de 100 sementes, numero medio de sementes por grama. Os dados foram submetidos a analise por variaveis canonicas e analise de agrupamento pelo metodo de Tocher, adotando a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2ii). Verificou-se que 65% dos acessos formaram um unico grupo. Os resultados das dispersoes com base nas quatro primeiras variaveis canonicas (71% da variabilidade total) nao possibilitaram um vinculo entre a divergencia genetica e a origem ecogeografica dos acessos. Estes resultados mostraram-se concordantes com os obtidos pela tecnica de agrupamento. Os caracteres mais importantes no tocante a variabilidade foram hierarquicamente: comprimento medio da semente, diâmetro maior do fruto, comprimento medio do fruto, no de surgimento da primeira flor masculina, diâmetro medio do caule, numero medio de dias para o aparecimento da primeira flor feminina, comprimento medio do internodio, peso medio do fruto, solidos soluveis e numero medio de sementes por grama. Os acessos B4, B5, P31 e P34 podem ser utilizados em programas de melhoramento que visem alto teor de solidos soluveis (ao redor de 12,50%) e de materia seca (acima de 15%) e frutos pequenos (inferior a 3 kg).

Relationship between genetic divergence and hybrid performance in eggplant

The genetic divergence (D2) among five accessions of eggplant was estimated to evaluate the efficiency of this divergence at predicting the performance of corresponding hybrids. The closest related accessions were PI 206472 and Campineira whilst Long Green and PI 206472 were the most divergent. The association between hybrid performance and genetic divergence of parents was analysed by three methods: 1) Pearsons (rP) and Spearmans (rS) correlation: genetic divergence (D2) was found to be linearly related to hybrid performance of mean fruit number per plant (rP = 0.71 and rS = 0.636, P < 0.05) and inversely related to fruit yield (rP = - 0.687, P < 0.05); 2) Divergence of cross classes: This found to be successful because two selected hybrids (PI 206472 x Florida Market, Campineira x Florida Market) reached 2nd and 4th place on the rank of means respectively; 3) Method of double rank: This was found to be efficient since it allowed the selection of the cross PI 206472 x Florida Market, which reached 2nd place on the rank of means, overcoming the commercial hybrids Napoli and Super F100.