Vichayanrat A

Effect of maternal hyperthyroidism during late pregnancy on the risk of neonatal low birth weight

Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy occurs with a prevalence of 0·05–0·2% and has been shown to affect neonatal outcomes. Fetal weight increases markedly during the third trimester of pregnancy. This retrospective study was performed to examine the effect of maternal hyperthyroidism during late pregnancy on neonatal birth weight (NBW).

Efficacy and safety of voglibose in comparison with acarbose in type 2 diabetic patients

We performed a randomized crossover open comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of voglibose and acarbose in 30 patients with type 2 diabetes who were not well controlled with diet therapy. There was no significant reduction of FBG with either voglibose or acarbose at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The 1 h postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) level was significantly decreased from 224.9+/-42.8 to 204.1+/-37.6 (P=0.005) and 206.1+/-38.9 mg/dl (P=0.038) after voglibose therapy at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. Significant decrease was also obtained after acarbose treatment from 228.3+/-37.4 to 182.7+/-35.5 (P<0.001) and 186.6+/-36.1 mg/dl (P<0.001). The decrease of 1 h PPBG was associated with a significant fall of serum insulin concentration. HbA(1c) levels were also significantly decreased from 7.07+/-1.21 to 6.83+/-1.11 (P=0.017) and 6.79+/-1.33% (P=0.036) after voglibose and 6.98+/-0.98 to 6.70+/-1.04 (P<0.001) and 6.59+/-1.04% (P<0.001) after acarbose at 4 and 8 weeks. In contrast to voglibose, treatment with acarbose significantly decreased the 2 h PPBG at 4 and 8 weeks and the 2 h postprandial serum insulin concentration at 8 weeks. Adverse drug events were more commonly reported in acarbose-treated patients (P<0.05). Increased flatulence was observed in 56.7 and 90% of the patients taking voglibose and acarbose, respectively, while abdominal distention was noted in 10 and 16.7%. Significantly decreased body weights of 0.9 and 0.8 kg were recorded at 8 weeks after voglibose and acarbose therapy, respectively. We conclude that both voglibose (0.2 mg) and acarbose (100 mg) thrice daily significantly decreased HbA(1c), PPBG and postprandial insulin levels. At these dose levels, voglibose was associated with less gastrointestinal side effects and slightly less efficacy for postprandial glucose reduction.

C-peptide secretion in calcific tropical pancreatic diabetes

Serum C-peptide levels were measured during a glucagon stimulation test in ten normal nonobese controls and 54 diabetic patients with recent onset of diabetes under 30 years of age. Diabetic patients were comprised of 13 CTPD, 23 IDDM, and 18 NIDDM. As similar to IDDM patients, serum C-peptide concentrations did not rise significantly (P greater than 0.05) in response to glucagon administration in CTPD-patients. Mean baseline and peak serum C-peptide concentrations in CTPD-patients were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than the values in normal controls and NIDDM patients, but were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those in IDDM patients. We conclude that CTPD patients have partial C-peptide reserve, which may protect against ketosis and contribute to ketosis resistance in CTPD. Our results also suggest that CTPD patients require insulin treatment. Neither baseline nor peak C-peptide levels after glucagon could discriminate CTPD from IDDM and CTPD from NIDDM.

Case‐control Study on Risk Factors Associated with Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes

We investigated the relation between fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes and cassava consumption in a case‐control study, in which 31 cases of pancreatic diabetes were compared with 45 non‐diabetic control subjects who had no pancreatic calcification. Risk of diabetes was not related to cassava consumption. We also observed no increased risk of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes associated with alcohol consumption, history of gall bladder and biliary tract diseases, ascariasis, and family history of diabetes. Lower monthly income, farmer occupation, rural residence, and low BMI were significantly (p < 0.05) related to pancreatic diabetes. Our data suggest that consumption of cassava may not be an important risk factor for pancreatic diabetes. With limited sample size, however, cassava consumption could not be excluded as one possible cause of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes.

Assessment of baseline characteristics, glycemic control and oral antidiabetic treatment in Asian patients with diabetes: The Registry for Assessing OAD Usage in Diabetes Management (REASON) Asia study (在亚洲糖尿病患者中评估基线特征、血糖控制情况以及口服降糖药物使用情况：使用登记表评估糖尿病治疗中口服药使用情况（REASON）的亚洲研究)

To assess baseline characteristics, glycemic control, and treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.