Vicki Harman

Mothers on Display: Lunchboxes, Social Class and Moral Accountability

This article explores middle class mothers’ narratives on their daily routines of preparing lunchboxes for their children. In this study lunchboxes are understood as an artefact linking together discourses and practices of doing and displaying mothering, media and government discourses of feeding children and broader issues of care and surveillance in private and public settings. Drawing on semi-structured, photo elicitation interviews and a focus group discussion, this article illuminates how mothers feel on display through the contents of their children’s lunchboxes.

Unpacking fun food and children’s leisure: mothers’ perspectives on preparing lunchboxes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between lunchboxes, fun food and leisure. Looking beyond concerns focusing solely on health and nutrition, this article unpacks how mothers seek to provide lunchtime food that is also a source of leisure and pleasure. Design/methodology/approach – Photo-elicitation interviews and a focus group were conducted with 11 mothers who regularly prepare lunchboxes for their children aged between 9 and 11 years. Findings – Mothers intend the food they provide to act as a leisure experience and a break from the pressures of school. Mothers understand that lunchboxes must fit with children’s other activities taking place in their lunch-hour. Lunchboxes should support children’s future leisure opportunities by providing nutrition and variety to support their growth and development. The discussion of lunchboxes also shows that fun food is not simply understood in opposition to healthy food. Mothers have a wider understanding of the transgressive nature...

Lunchboxes, Health, Leisure and Well-Being: Analysing the Connections

Existing research exploring children’s lunchboxes highlights how this everyday object ‘is a container for various aspects of the private and the public’ (Metcalfe et al., Children’s Geographies 6(4):403–412, 2008), such as schools’ initiatives to enforce the government’s healthy eating policy. Although existing studies provide useful insights into the complexity of discourses and practices surrounding the preparation and consumption of lunchboxes, they provide few insights into the relationship between lunchboxes and leisure. Drawing on photo-elicitation interviews with British parents who regularly prepare lunchboxes for their children aged 9–11, this chapter argues that important interconnections between lunchboxes and leisure can be identified. Firstly, parents intend the food they provide to act as a leisure experience, a break from the pressures of school, ‘something to look forward to’ and a way of reminding them of home. Providing ‘treats’ for children (such as chocolate) is part of this, although this may bring parents into conflict with guidance from the school. Secondly, lunchboxes must fit in with children’s current leisure activities taking place in their lunch-hour. Therefore, parents avoid including foods which are difficult to open or take too long to consume which could prevent children from engaging in sport, or playing with their friends, for example. Finally, lunchboxes should support children’s future leisure opportunities by providing nutrition and variety to support their growth and development.

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This article investigates how culinary taste contributes to the formation of middle class identity in a working class context in the UK. We explore practices of food consumption among a group of individuals working at a UK university located in a working class city. We find a rather limited and discrepant cosmopolitanism, in which culinary practices are evaluated in terms of those worth engaging in, and those not worth engaging in, based on their ‘user friendliness’ for cosmopolitan middle class dispositions. Depictions of the local food culture as lacking are also dominant, used as a negative ground against which these dispositions are hierarchically formulated. Here middle class culinary tastes seem to be driven by disengagement with the wrong sort of place and a relatively closed alignment with the ‘proper’ and the ‘safe’ rather than by any open creative individuality.

Unpacking the Lunchbox: Biopedagogies, mothering and social class

This study investigates how mothers respond to school surveillance of their childrens packed lunches. In a context where increasing attention is focused on healthy eating, we adopt a biopedagogical approach to illustrate different positions and strategies which mothers occupy in relation to feeding their children in the school setting. We use photo-elicitation interviews and focus groups to trace both the discursive and practical significance of these biopedagogies. We find that the subjective experiences of feeding children at school are infused with classed notions of mothering in public. Our analysis highlights two broad positions. Firstly, there were those with strong distinctions between home-food and school-food, which was associated more clearly with middle class families. Secondly, there were those with more fluid boundaries between home-food and school-food. This was more commonly encapsulated by working class mothers who were seen to place more emphasis on their children as autonomous decision-makers. Overall the findings document localised and classed practices of resisting the schools normalising gaze.

Boxed up? Lunchboxes and expansive mothering outside home

This article unpacks the experiences of 30 British women making lunchboxes for their children, and their opposition to opting for school dinners. Findings emerging from photo-elicitation interviews and focus group discussions show how mothers consider themselves the only social actor able to make a ‘proper lunchbox’. School dinners are considered a risky option for their children, and fathers’ interference in preparing lunchboxes is viewed with suspicion. The article shows how lunchboxes can be viewed as an expansion of intensive mothering: a way of making home away from home, stretching the intensive domestic care used for toddlers to school-aged children. Expansive mothering is characterised by mothers’ mediating role that places them between the child and the outside world. This role is mainly performed as a risk management activity aimed at recreating the domestic security outside the home, yet it also reinforces the message that feeding children is a mother’s domain.

Mothering, mixed families and racialised boundaries

This pioneering volume draws together theoretical and empirical contributions analyzing the experiences of white mothers in interracial families in Britain, Canada and the USA. The growth of the mixed race population reflects an increasingly racially and culturally heterogeneous society, shaped by powerful forces of globalisation and migration. Mixed family formations are becoming increasingly common through marriage, relationships and adoption, and there is also increasing social recognition of interracial families through the inclusion of mixed categories in Census data and other official statistics. The changing demographic make-up of Britain and other Western countries raises important questions about identity, belonging and the changing nature of family life. It also connects with theoretical and empirical discussions about the significance of ‘race’ in contemporary society.

Moving racisms, shifting targets: comparing racism experienced by mothers of mixed-parentage children with racism experienced by young people seeking sanctuary in Britain

As revealed by the 2011 Census, England is increasingly multi-ethnic. Yet, at the same time, racist discourses and practices continue to remain salient. In order to explore the contemporary manifestations of racism, this paper draws on research with two groups occupying different spaces within the sociology of race and ethnicity: young separated migrants seeking sanctuary in Britain and lone white mothers of mixed-parentage children. In this paper, we examine the everyday and structural racism experienced by each group in order to consider how seemingly different manifestations of race and racism are linked together and, in certain ways, dependent on each other. The paper argues that the public celebration of mixedness acts as a disavowal mechanism which can be used to conceal the endurance of colour-based racism as well as state racism operating legally through the immigration system.

REPRODUCING RACE: THE PARADOX OF GENERATION MIX

direction of current asylum policy. The strength of the book is chapter 4, which shows that the areas where asylum seekers were dispersed to on a ‘no choice basis’ were socially deprived areas chosen on the basis of available, unpopular and vacant housing. The author argues that by dumping asylum seekers into such areas they were ‘excluded’ from essential services, including the absence of immigration lawyers, schools, appropriate health care, and community support, etc. However, it is not clear whether services in all the dispersal areas were uniformly absent or whether this varied, and whether the agencies contracted to implement the policy were able to help asylum seekers overcome problems. The author struggles to understand and develop key concepts deprivation, strategies of invisibility, liminality, social networks employed in the book and often fails to provide adequate evidence to support her arguments. This is a pity because there are important lessons which need to be learned regarding the conception, planning and implementation of this policy. Key lessons include (1) the apparent refusal of the Government to learn from earlier efforts at dispersing asylum seekers/refugees, (2) the failure to realize that unduly harsh legislation contributed to a climate of public hostility towards asylum seekers, (3) the dispersal of individuals to a relatively small number of socially deprived areas that prevented individuals from accessing key services and seems to have contributed to social unrest and (4) that a separate system of support for asylum seekers was unnecessarily complex, extremely bureaucratic and unresponsive to the genuine needs of individuals. The lack of humanity with which asylum seekers were treated and their understandable problems in comprehending and coping with complex regulations and unresponsive agencies is a key issue which emerges from the book. Unfortunately, these conclusions are buried in unreadable prose.