Victor A. Shilin

Complex photonic system for underground railway measurements and inspection

Moscow Metro is a powerful and important type of city transportation. Novel photonic gauge consisting of three subsystems for inspection of railway geometrical parameters is presented. Each system includes special lasers, CCD cameras and signal processor. Desired parameters are determined using processing of images formed by lasers. Mathematical methods and software for processing are described. Some experimental results are given.

Photonics in transportation

In transportation, photonics helps save lives and improves safety. A vehicle - whether it is drawn, floated or driven - carries stringent physical limitations. Any photonic hardware will increase the vehicles weight, space and power consumption. But this hardware will improve safety for drivers and passengers. Photonics also helps to inspect railroads and highways. Lasers, smart imagers and computers for data processing offer a range of capabilities for transportation industry. The proposed paper will discuss the state of the art in the area of photonic applications for transportation.

X-ray-sensitive CCD camera

This paper describes the key features and performance data of a 1040(H) X 1160(V) pixels full-frame transfer CCD camera for use as an X-ray detector in X-ray material structure analysis and X-ray fluorescence for the in-situ detection of metals. To achieve good sensitivity at energies below 50 keV we have developed compact units based on VLSI programmable logic devices and intermediate digital signal processing. The analog image output may be displayed on the standard TV-monitor, and also processed and displayed by PC- based data acquisition system. The CCIR TV specification make possible to detect X-ray patterns with a 20 ms exposure times and X-ray intensity more than 5...8 nJ/cm2. The impulse synchronization mode set up exposure times of a few tens to a few hundreds of milliseconds with a proportional level of X-ray intensity with the time resolution 300 ms. Synchronization the imaging detector with X-ray source allows converting X-ray patterns with exposure times before 1 s.

Application of photonic systems for transportation

In transportation, photonics helps save lives and improves safety. Photonics also helps to monitor the rate of rail and highway wears. Lasers and imagers offer a range of capabilities for transportation industry. The proposed paper will discuss some photonic applications for railway transportation in Russia.

New type of CCD device for measuring velocity of rail transport

An optoelectronic device on CCD for measuring velocity is quite a new meter intended for measuring velocity of a locomotive by contactless optical methods with further high- precision determination of a covered distance. The device uses an optical image of railway as well as preliminary velocity values received from other devices installed on the locomotive. Velocity measurement range is from 0 to 250 km/h. The measurement accuracy is 0.5%. The operating principle is based on the use of unique features of a dedicated CCD chip. Owing to a special photozone structure the device can execute moving image filtering according to velocity. Further processing and calculations make it possible to obtain an actual value of velocity in real time mode.

Electro-optical modules for space monitoring of transportation systems

Electro-optical modules based on multispectral photodetectors are used for monitoring of Earths atmosphere and surface. This monitoring is highly effective and allows to provide the ecological control of environmental pollution and possible aftereffects of such pollution. This paper analyzes the possibility of photonic system application for ecological monitoring and emergency control of railroad transportation.

Medical x-ray sensitive apparatus based on CCDs

Charge-coupled devices have possibility to sense X-rays. The X-ray sensitivity of CCDs is higher than the same for X-ray films. We have designed the experimental miniaturized X-ray CCD camera for dental practice and diagnosis. The CCD analog output signals converse to a digital form, the digital signals are processing by a computer and visible images are forming at the display. The problems of creation and design of X-ray sensitive large format CCD cameras for hard and cancer diagnosis are described.

CCD structures for signal and image analog processing

The set of CCD structures for analog realization of main arithmetic operations such as a summing up, a subtraction, and a multiplication is presented. Using these structures it is possible to create various circuits and arrays for signal and image analog processing. Several types of these circuits and arrays are described. An analog filters with constant and random weights and Sobels transformation circuit have been created. Some experimental results are given.