Victor T. Neal

Thermal Stratification in the Arctic Ocean

Fine scale measurements of the vertical temperature profile in an Arctic water column show the presence of several cascaded isothermal layers. Layers between the depths of 300 anid 350 meters range from 2 to 10 meters in thickness, while the temperature change between adjacent layers is approximately 0.026�C. The individual layers are isothermal to within � 0.001�C.

A modification of the expendable bathythermograph for thermal microstructure studies

Abstract Expendable bathythermograph probes have been used to obtain measurements of thermal microstructure with a resolution of better than 0·002°C. The system consisted of a simple Wheatstone Bridge, amplifier and recorder, and a standard XBT probe modified to descend at a slower rate. High resolution temperature profiles taken from Arctic Ice Island T-3 illustrate its capabilities.

Light Scattering in Central Arctic Ocean: Some Winter Profiles

Measurements for light scattering in an Arctic water column reveal strong gradients and variability of the order of 15 percent in depths of less than 500 meters. The region of variability appears to persist from day to day and is roughly associated with the typical hydrographic features of the region. No definite nephelocline was observed.

PREDICTED FLUSHING TIMES AND POLLUTION DISTRIBUTION IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY

INTRODUCTION For the design of a coastal structure, the height of its crown must be determined rationally and economically, taking into consideration the water level of the sea and its occurence probability. The water level in the sea is mainly referred to the astronomical tide, the meteorological effect and the short period wave. If component height according to these elements are given as; 3c, ; the tidal level, xr ; the level rise caused by meteorological origin, and x, ; the half height of wave, the level of the wave crest X at a certain tidal condition is shown by following equation under several assumption: I a i + X, + X, (1)