Vinod Singh

Treatment effect of l-Norvaline on the sexual performance of male rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes.

Sexual impairment is an established risk factor in diabetes mellitus affecting about 75% of male diabetic population. In diabetes overexpression of arginase leads to decreased production of NO and diminished erectile response. Inhibition of arginase enzyme can lead to improvement in diabetes induced sexual dysfunction. In the present study diabetes mellitus was induced in adult male rats by intraperitoneal injection of single dose of streptozotocin (65mg/kg) in 0.1M Citrate buffer pH 4.5 and after 72h fasting serum glucose level was checked by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method and those animals showing FSG above 250mg/dl were selected. Diabetic animals were divided into four groups comprising six animals in each. l-Norvaline, potent arginase inhibitor was administered at a dose of 10mg/kg ip to the different groups of diabetic animals for a period of 30 days. Sildenafil at a dose of 5mg/kg orally was used as a standard drug. Mating behavior tests were performed at 0, 15th and 30th days. After 30 days, various biochemical and hormonal parameters (nitrates, LDH, urea, testosterone), testicular parameters (total protein, nitrates, LDH, total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, VLDL, HDL) were evaluated to find out the effect of l-Norvaline in sexual impairment. Sperm analysis was also carried out for the treated rats. l-Norvaline showed significant improvement in serum nitrates, urea, LDH, testosterone and testicular protein level as compared with diabetic group. It also improved sperm motility, count and viability in diabetic rats. Sildenafil showed no improvement in above parameters except restoration in serum nitrates level.

Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels: a novel ophthalmic drug delivery system.

Background: Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic, polymeric networks capable of imbibing large amounts of water or biological fluids on stimulation, such as pH, temperature and ionic change. Aim: To develop hydrogels that are sensitive to stimuli, i.e. pH, in the cul-de-sac of the eye for providing a prolonged effect and increased bioavailability with reduction in frequency of administration. Materials and Methods: Hydrogels were formulated by using timolol maleate as the model drug, polyacrylic acid as the gelling agents, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose as the viscolizer and sodium chloride as the isotonic agent. Stirring of ingredients in pH 4 phosphate buffer at high speed was carried out. The dynamic dialysis technique was used for drug release studies. In vivo study for reduction in intraocular pressure was carried out by using albino rabbits. Statistical Analysis: Drug release studies data were used for statistical analysis in first-order plots, Higuchi plots and Peppas exponential plots. Student t-test was performed for in vivo study. Results: Viscosity of the hydrogel increases from 3.84 cps to 9.54 cps due to change in pH 4 to pH 7.4. The slope value of the Peppas equation was found to be 0.3081, 0.3743 and 0.2964. Up to 80% of drug was released in an 8 h drug release study. Sterile hydrogels with no ocular irritation were obtained. Conclusions: Hydrogels show increase in viscosity due to change in pH. Hydrogels were therapeutically effacious, stable, non-irritant and showed Fickian diffusion. In vivo results clearly show a prolonged reduction in intraocular pressure, which was helpful for reduction in the frequency of administration.

Polymeric ocular hydrogels and ophthalmic inserts for controlled release of timolol maleate

Background: Ophthalmic drug delivery systems are the challenging subject for the researchers because of delicate nature of ocular membrane and preventive barriers leading to less than 1 % of Bioavailability. Reasons for reduced bioavailability are due to rapid pre corneal elimination, tear turnover, lacrimal drainage, blinking and degradation by enzymes. Less bioavailability causes short duration of action and increased frequency of administration. Materials and Methods: Timolol maleate was used as model drug. Dynamic drug release studies were used to study the polymeric hydrogels and ophthalmic inserts. Rheological studies were carried out by Brookfield Viscometer LVDV- II+. Result and Discussion: Viscosity value lies in the range of 4.08 to 31.8 cps. Drug release data was fitted to various kinetic equations such as First order plots, Higuchi plots, Peppas exponential plots. The results shows fairly linear curve and the slope value of the Peppas equation is less than 0.5 and hence follows the fickian diffusion. Conclusion: The developed hydrogels and inserts were therapeutically effacious, stable, non irritant and provide a sustained release of drug over 8 hours time period.

Effect of workplace incivility on job satisfaction and turnover intentions in India

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of workplace incivility on job satisfaction and employees’ turnover intentions in Indian work settings.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected randomly from 283 employees at various restaurants in the Northern and Western parts of India via the survey method and, thereafter, hierarchical regression analysis was performed to analyze the data.Findings – The study established that moderate to high levels of workplace-incivility-related issues are present in India’s restaurant industry. Regression analysis further revealed that workplace incivility is negatively related to job satisfaction and positively related to employee turnover in the Indian context as well.Practical implications – Relevant recommendations are presented to restaurant owners as well as HR practitioners that could curb unethical practices in Indian restaurants and promote civil behavior in the workplace.Originality/value – Relevant extant studies have recognized that there is a need to study workplace incivility in different cultures to establish the global relevance of the subject. This research studied the impact of workplace incivility on job satisfaction and turnover intentions with respect to Indian employees.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Treatment by Film Forming Gels

Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto immune disease in which joint inflammation, synovial proliferation and destruction of articular cartilage. Gels are most commonly used dosage forms. Topical preparations are generally used for the treatment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis disease. Gels provide certain advantages over oral route, which may lead to peptic ulcers in excessive usage of NSAIDS in tablet dosage form. Gels can be easily wiped off due to clothes on joints and films may provide dryness and irritation after prolonged usage due to adhesive in it. Thus, there is a need to develop novel drug delivery systems for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, which is available in gel form but when applied on skin surface transforms into film. These film forming gels are novel approach helpful in providing sustained release with increased residence time, therapeutic effect and patient comfortability.

Moderating Effects of Occupational Stress and Interactional Justice on Workplace Deviance in Indian Service Cluster

Due to catastrophic rise in scams, financial/moral frauds and crimes with in the global organizations in the recent past workplace deviance is now considered as a critical issue for organizations across the globe. Organizations are losing a big fat layer of their profits and goodwill in the market due to their failure in inhibition of deviance prevalent in their premises and this unethical behavior seems to be increasing exponentially day by day. Indian culture and values inculcates its citizen with morality and ethics yet surprisingly Indian service industry is not entirely immune from such unethical behavior. Previous researches hints that factors like job stress and perceived justice by the employee may also lead an employee towards this unethical practice. This study examined the relationship between two such factors Occupational Stress and Interactional Justice with Organizational and Interpersonal deviance. For the purpose of same a literature review on current and earlier researches on same and similar areas was conducted followed by the preparing a questionnaire, its distribution, collection and its empirical analysis. Data from 159 service sector employees was gathered and tests like Correlation analysis and multiple stepwise linear regressions were employed to test the proposed hypotheses.

An Empirical Study on Use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs): A Case Way Dissection

The rapid growth of social networking sites that has been observed over the last few years is indicative of its entry into mainstream culture and its integration into the daily lives of many people all over India. In parallel with this, there has also been considerable media coverage of the growth of social networking sites, its potential positive outcomes and concerns about the way that most people are engaging with it. For the purpose of this research paper, it purposely focused on the social and communication aspects of social networking sites. It deliberately included all the various aspect of social networking sites reason being users go for social networking sites options. 5 social networking sites in this survey named Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, YouTube and Orkut have been targeted.