Vipul A. Shah

Scheduling in Grid Computing Environment

Scheduling in Grid computing has been active area of research since its beginning. However, beginners find very difficult to understand related concepts due to a large learning curve of Grid computing. Thus, there is a need of concise understanding of scheduling in Grid computing area. This paper strives to present concise understanding of scheduling and related understanding of Grid computing system. The paper describes overall picture of Grid computing and discusses important sub-systems that enable Grid computing possible. Moreover, the paper also discusses concepts of resource scheduling and application scheduling and also presents classification of scheduling algorithms. Furthermore, the paper also presents methodology used for evaluating scheduling algorithms including both real system and simulation based approaches. The presented work on scheduling in Grid containing concise understandings of scheduling system, scheduling algorithm, and scheduling methodology would be very useful to users and researchers.

Advance Reservation based DAG Application Scheduling Simulator for Grid Environment

the last decade, scheduling of Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) application in the context of Grid environment has attracted attention of many researchers. However, deployment of Grid environment requires skills, efforts, budget, and time. Although various simulation toolkits or frameworks are available for simulating Grid environment, either they support different possible studies in Grid computing area or takes lot of efforts in molding them to make them suitable for scheduling of DAG application. In this paper, design and implementation of GridSim based ready to use application scheduler for scheduling of DAG application in Grid environment is described. The proposed application scheduler supports supplying DAG application and configuration of Grid resources through GUI. An implementation of Min-Min static scheduling algorithm for scheduling of DAG application is also described to validate the proposed scheduler. The proposed DAG application scheduling simulator is useful, easy, and time-saver.

Analysis Perspective Views of Grid Simulation Tools

Due to the high complexity of Grid computing systems, experimentation on a real Grid system is challenging and time consuming. Moreover, deploying a Grid system demands a lot of efforts, money, and skills. Therefore, a simulation based approach of experimentation and research is adopted by many researchers. Many simulation tools are available supporting diverse research studies in the Grid computing area. However, researchers need to choose the most appropriate one for the intended study, and taking that decision requires that the researchers understand all relevant details pertaining to the Grid simulation tools. Therefore, to guide a researcher in choosing a particular Grid simulation tool, we pose important questions that the researcher needs to consider. To answer the posed questions, we provide analysis perspective views of 12 important Grid simulation tools with emphasis on different users. Furthermore, we share our experience of working with SimGrid and GridSim. Our results with 31 comparison criteria on the selected Grid simulation tools would become very useful to users to get insights on the tools. Furthermore, we expect that the presented work will guide the authors of prospective simulation tools.

Design and optimization of narrow band low noise amplifier using 0.18µm CMOS

In this paper, an optimized design procedure based on evolutionary algorithms for automatic synthesis of a current reuse cascode fully integrated low noise amplifiers (LNA) targeted @2.4GHz is discussed. Here genetic Algorithm is intended to compute the circuit elements values and bias levels capable of maintaining the best level of gain, input matching, and power consumption. The circuit simulate using 0.18μm RF CMOS TSMC technology for to evaluate performance. Automatic circuit design using evolutionary optimization algorithm optimized design taking less computation time compare to tremendous manual trial. The Simulation results show the power gain (S21) and input matching (S11) are 26dB and -13dB respectively @2.4GHz. Simulation results demonstrate output reflection (S12) is less than -35dB and current sink form 1.8V supply is only 5.6mA.

Bandwidth-Aware Scheduling of Workflow Application on Multiple Grid Sites

Bandwidth-aware workflow scheduling is required to improve the performance of a workflow application in a multisite Grid environment, as the data movement cost between two low-bandwidth sites can adversely affect the makespan of the application. Pegasus WMS, an open-source and freely available WMS, cannot fully utilize its workflow mapping capability due to unavailability of integration of any bandwidth monitoring infrastructure in it. This paper develops the integration of Network Weather Service (NWS) in Pegasus WMS to enable the bandwidth-aware mapping of scientific workflows. Our work demonstrates the applicability of the integration of NWS by making existing Heft site-selector of Pegasus WMS bandwidth aware. Furthermore, this paper proposes and implements a new workflow scheduling algorithm—Level based Highest Input and Processing Weight First. The results of the performed experiments indicate that the bandwidth-aware workflow scheduling algorithms perform better than bandwidth-unaware algorithms: Random and Heft of Pegasus WMS. Moreover, our proposed workflow scheduling algorithm performs better than the bandwidth-aware Heft algorithms. Thus, the proposed bandwidth-aware workflow scheduling enhances capability of Pegasus WMS and can increase performance of workflow applications.

A review on energy consumption and conservation techniques for sensor node in WSN

With the evolution of wireless technologies Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) have gained tremendous exposure in field of sensing remote places. For researchers WSN has been most sought for field due to its wide area of applications and usefulness. Day by day new technologies are evolving with new and efficient features, which keep this field live for development and research oriented work. The key component of WSN, the sensor nodes, is equipped with the required hardware resources and limited energy to spend for the task assigned. So there are requirements to improvise the energy consumption is WSN nodes to increase its life time. There has been various effort put forth for increasing the lifetime of the sensor nodes by adapting to various changes in the techniques at each layer of the sensor node design. The proposed review paper identifies the ways the energy conservation works and been worked upon by researchers apart from clustering and routing.

SWFSim: development and use of GUI-based scientific workflow simulator

Since the beginning of grid computing, solving the problem of scheduling of dependent tasks application, which is known as scientific workflow and represented as a directed acyclic graph (DAG), has remained an active area of research due to its NP-complete nature. However, researchers find difficulties in working on workflow scheduling aspect due to complexities associated with uses of a real grid environment or a simulation tool that is not user-friendly. Thus, there is a need of user-friendly and extensible simulation environment supporting scheduling of workflow application, and to answer that limitation, we have put our efforts to develop a GUI-based scientific WorkFlow simulator (SWFSim). This article describes design and implementation of modular, extensible, user-friendly, portable DAG application scheduling simulator that can be used for studying static scheduling algorithms. Furthermore, the article also demonstrates the versatility of SWFSim by implementing and experimenting well-known and widely used scheduling algorithms.

High power gain low noise amplifier design for next generation 1–7GHz wideband RF frontend RFIC using 0.18μm CMOS

Next generation wireless terminal should support multiple standards (mobile: GSM, UMTS, WiMAX, LTE etc.; LAN: IEEE 802.11a/b/g etc.; PAN: ZigBee, Bluetooth etc.), receive multiple frequency bands, and allow any modulation scheme. So, Next generation RF (Radio Frequency) Frontend requires wideband with multiple standards support. RF Frontend relaxes tough requirements (dynamic range, speed, noise performance and linearity) of Baseband A/D converter. An LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) of RF Frontend relaxes the noise performance and dynamic range requirements by amplifying weak received signal with adding minimum noise to improve signal to noise ratio. This paper presents a novel hybrid topology low-noise amplifier (LNA) design for wideband receivers and microwave access covering the frequency range from 1 to 7 GHz using 0.18-μm CMOS. Simulation results shows that the power gain reaches a peak of 30 dB in-band with an upper 3dB frequency of 7 GHz with minimum noise figure (NF) 4dB over the band of interest. Input matching is less than -10dB in interested band and the LNA consumes 24mW power at 1.2V supply voltage. A figure of merit is used to compare the proposed design with recently published wideband CMOS LNAs. It shows that the design of LNA achieves comparable good performances. Authors have simulated design using TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology.

Development of an In-House Grid Testbed Supporting Scheduling and Execution of Scientific Workflows

Researchers working in Grid workflow scheduling need a real Grid environment to produce the results of experiments. However, many interested researchers of academic institutes may not be able to produce experimental results due to unavailability of a required testbed at their institutes. This article addresses an important challenge of developing an in-house Grid testbed that supports workflow scheduling and execution. This article proposes the architectural design of the in-house testbed and then concisely presents chosen software tools, their understanding, installation, configuration, and the testing related to the implementation of the testbed. Furthermore, the article also presents the methodology of performing experiments on the testbed. The in-house Grid testbed is implemented using open-source, freely available, and widely used software components. In addition, the testbed allows to produce a real Grid scenario of varying bandwidth values by emulating the network characteristics among the Grid-sites of the testbed. This article addresses testing of all the internal components of the testbed and their integrations for their proper working. This article also provides testing and demonstration of workflow scheduling and execution. We believe that this article can educate novice users about developing a Grid testbed. The presented Grid testbed can easily be replicated or adapted; furthermore, the presented deployment of the Grid testbed can guide to researchers for carrying out real experimentation for their research purposes.

Experimental Study of Remote Job Submission and Execution on LRM through Grid Computing Mechanisms

Remote job submission and execution is fundamental requirement of distributed computing done using Cluster computing. However, Cluster computing limits usage within a single organization. Grid computing environment can allow use of resources for remote job execution that are available in other organizations. This paper discusses concepts of batch-job execution using LRM and using Grid. The paper discusses two ways of preparing test Grid computing environment that we use for experimental testing of concepts. This paper presents experimental testing of remote job submission and execution mechanisms through LRM specific way and Grid computing ways. Moreover, the paper also discusses various problems faced while working with Grid computing environment and discusses their trouble-shootings. The understanding and experimental testing presented in this paper would become very useful to researchers who are new to the field of job management in Grid.