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Dive into the research topics where Virgilio Bocanegra-García is active.

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Featured researches published by Virgilio Bocanegra-García.


European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | 2012

Recent advances in antitubercular natural products

Abraham García; Virgilio Bocanegra-García; José Prisco Palma-Nicolás; Gildardo Rivera

Currently, one third of the worlds population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 8.9-9.9 million new and relapse cases of tuberculosis are reported every year. The emergence of new cases, the increased incidence of multi-drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, and the adverse effects of first- and second-line antituberculosis drugs have led to renewed research interest in natural products in the hope of discovering new antitubercular leads. Interestingly, hundreds of natural products, possessing novel, uncommon, and known structural architectures, have been reported to exhibit activity towards non-resistant and multi-drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. The present review covers literature published during the last five years about those naturally occurring compounds with reported growth inhibitory activity in vitro towards sensitive and resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Compounds with antitubercular properties at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of less than 50 μg/mL or 60 μM were selected and grouped according to their source of origin (plants, bacteria, fungi, marine organisms, etc) and chemical type (terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, poliketides, peptides, etc). In some cases, the selection covers those structurally relevant natural products with low bioactivity (MICs of ≤128 μg/mL), and also those semisynthetic derivatives with remarkable antitubercular activity (MICs of ≤10 μg/mL). Additionally, this review includes a special section for those natural products that specifically target genes or enzymes of M. tuberculosis.


BMC Research Notes | 2009

Thyroid hormones according to gestational age in pregnant Spanish women

Julia Pilar Bocos-Terraz; Silvia Izquierdo-Álvarez; Jose Luís Bancalero-Flores; Rosa Álvarez-Lahuerta; Ana Aznar-Sauca; Elisabet Real-López; Raquel Ibáñez-Marco; Virgilio Bocanegra-García; Gildardo Rivera-Sánchez

BackgroundThyroid function changes during pregnancy and maternal thyroid dysfunction have been associated with adverse outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate thyroid hormones levels in pregnant women resident in Aragon, Spain.FindingsSamples for 1198 pregnant women with no apparent thyroid disorders were analyzed, using paramagnetic microparticle and chemiluminescent detection technologies, in order to determine levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab). Of the women in our sample, 85.22% had normal values for TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab and 14.77% had results revealing the presence of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid. The thyroid hormone reference values obtained according to gestational age (in brackets) were as follows: for free T3, values were 3.38 ± 0.52 pg/mL (<11 weeks), 3.45 ± 0.54 pg/mL (11-20 weeks), 3.32 ± 0.43 pg/mL (21-30 weeks), 3.21 ± 0.53 pg/mL (31-36 weeks), and 3.23 ± 0.41 pg/mL (>36 weeks); for free T4, values were 1.10 ± 0.14 ng/dL (<10 weeks), 1.04 ± 0.14 ng/dL (11-20 weeks), 0.93 ± 0.12 ng/dL (21-30 weeks), 0.90 ± 0.13 ng/dL (31-36 weeks), and 0.80 ± 0.21 ng/dL (>36 weeks); and for TSH, values were (μIU/mL): 1.12 ± 0.69 (<10 weeks), 1.05 ± 0.67 (11-20 weeks), 1.19 ± 0.60 (21-30 weeks), 1.38 ± 0.76 (31-36 weeks), and 1.46 ± 0.72 (>36 weeks).ConclusionPregnant women with normal antibody values according to gestational age had values for FT4 and TSH, but not for FT3, that differed to a statistically significant degree. The values we describe can be used as reference values for the Aragon region of Spain.


Current Medicinal Chemistry | 2008

Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 Antagonists: A New Perspective for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Obesity

Gildardo Rivera; Virgilio Bocanegra-García; Silvia Galiano; Nuria Cirauqui; Javier Ceras; Silvia Pérez; Ignacio Aldana; Antonio Monge

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by the accumulation of excess adipose tissue associated with an increased risk of multiple morbidities and mortality. At the present time, only three drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of obesity. Agonists and antagonists of some of the substances implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis represent opportunities for anti-obesity drug development. The most promising targets are alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) receptors, cannabinoid receptors, the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptors. MCH receptors could be major potential targets for the treatment of obesity. Many pharmaceutical companies have described MCH-R1 antagonists that have appeared over the past year. Recently, two compounds went into phase I clinical trials that evaluate MCH receptor antagonists as a new perspective for the pharmacologic treatment of obesity. In this review, structure-activity relationships (SAR) in the development of MCH-R1 antagonists are provided.


Journal of Medical Microbiology | 2010

Diversity of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec structures in coagulase-negative staphylococci and relationship to drug resistance

Elvira Garza-González; Daniel Núñez López; Cesar Pezina; Walter Muruet; Virgilio Bocanegra-García; Ivan Muñoz; Camilo Ramírez; Jorge Llaca-Díaz

The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements in meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) isolated from a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico and to examine the relationship to drug resistance. Fifty selected MR-CoNS isolates collected from catheters (n=15), blood (n=15), bone (n=9), bronchial lavage (n=2) and urine (n=2) and one isolate each from an abscess, cerebrospinal fluid, eye, pleural effusion, synovial fluid, tracheal aspirate and wound secretion were examined. Susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method. SCCmec types were determined by multiplex PCR and PFGE was carried out as described previously for Staphylococcus aureus. Among the MR-CoNS strains studied, the most frequently isolated species were Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=26) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=13). Staphylococcus cohnii (n=5), Staphylococcus hominis (n=3), Staphylococcus sciuri (n=1), Staphylococcus pasteuri (n=1) and the recently described species Staphylococcus pettenkoferi (n=1) were also identified. The most frequent MR-CoNS genotype identified was SCCmec type IVa in S. epidermidis isolates, which also showed a high diversity in their PFGE patterns. A clone was found that amplified both SCCmec III and V elements in five isolates examined. The single MR S. pettenkoferi isolate harboured SCCmec type IVd and the single MR S. pasteuri isolate harboured SCCmec type I. The carriage of SCCmec type III was associated with resistance or intermediate resistance to meropenem (P <0.05). These results confirm the high prevalence of S. epidermidis SCCmec IVa and the high genetic diversity among MR-CoNS strains. As far as is known, this is the first report describing the newly identified S. pettenkoferi possessing SCCmec IVd and S. pasteuri harbouring SCCmec type I. MR-CoNS harbouring SCCmec type III were found to be more resistant to meropenem.


Current Medicinal Chemistry | 2009

New therapeutic targets for drug design against Trypanosoma cruzi, advances and perspectives.

Gildardo Rivera; Virgilio Bocanegra-García; Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo; Benjamín Nogueda-Torres; Antonio Monge

Chagas disease is one of the most important parasitic diseases in Latin America, affecting 16 to 18 million people. Nifurtimox and Benznidazol are drugs that are commonly used in its treatment; however, these drugs produce several adverse reactions and are not effective in the chronic phase of the disease. Therefore, the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new compounds with potential activity against Trypanozoma cruzi are of great importance. We review six proteins involved in the biochemical metabolism of Trypanosoma cruzi that have recently been studied as potential targets for designing new drugs for Chagas disease. These are farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, trans-sialidase, cruzain cystein protease, trypanothione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase. We also review the advances of compounds recently designed based on structure-activity, and the perspectives of new compounds that inhibit these therapeutic targets.


Medical Mycology | 2012

Molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility of the Candida parapsilosis species complex of clinical isolates from Monterrey, Mexico

Rogelio de J. Treviño-Rangel; Elvira Garza-González; J. Gerardo González; Virgilio Bocanegra-García; Jorge M. Llaca; Gloria M. González

Recently, it was proposed that the opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida parapsilosis was a complex composed of the following three species: Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis. A set of 344 clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis from Monterrey, Mexico was re-identified by RFLP. Their antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin and micafungin was determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3 protocol. Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto was the most frequent species, and was the only one which showed resistance to antifungals.


Cyta-journal of Food | 2010

Traditional plants as source of functional foods: a review.

Gildardo Rivera; Virgilio Bocanegra-García; Antonio Monge

The aim of this work was to assess the following plants as functional foods that can be found in Mexico: white sapote (Casimiroa edulis), jicama (Pachyrhizus spp.), amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus), sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), oregano (Lippia graveolens), pitahaya (Hylocereus sp.), agave (Agave americana), pelitre (Heliopsis longipes), and purslane (Portulaca oleracea L). The main characteristics, components and active substances, forms of use in traditional medicine, nutritional properties, evaluation of biological assays, and the potential possibilities of research with the plants and/or extracts were reviewed.


BMC Research Notes | 2009

The bioactivity of plant extracts against representative bacterial pathogens of the lower respiratory tract

Virgilio Bocanegra-García; María del Rayo Camacho-Corona; Mónica A. Ramírez-Cabrera; Gildardo Rivera; Elvira Garza-González

BackgroundLower respiratory tract infections are a major cause of illness and death. Such infections are common in intensive care units (ICU) and their lethality persists despite advances in diagnosis, treatment and prevention. In Mexico, some plants are used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases or ailments such as cough, bronchitis, tuberculosis and other infections. Medical knowledge derived from traditional societies has motivated searches for new bioactive molecules derived from plants that show potent activity against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hexanic, chloroformic (CLO), methanolic (MET) and aqueous extracts from various plants used in Mexican traditional medicine on various microorganisms associated with respiratory disease.Methodsthirty-five extracts prepared from nine plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory infections were evaluated against 15 control bacterial species and clinical isolates.ResultsBoth chloroformic (CLO) and methanolic (MET) extracts of Larrea tridentata were active against Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, B. subtilis and L. monocytogenes. A MET extract of L. tridentata was also active against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. maltophilia, E. faecalis and H. influenzae and the CLO extract was active against A. baumannii. An Aqueous extract of M. acumitata and a MET extract of N. officinale were active against S. pneumoniae. CLO and MET extracts of L. tridentata were active against clinical isolates of S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and E. faecalis.ConclusionOverall, our results support the potential use of L. tridentata as a source of antibacterial compounds.


Clinical Microbiology and Infection | 2010

A pyrosequencing method for molecular monitoring of regions in the inhA, ahpC and rpoB genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Elvira Garza-González; Gloria M. González; A. Rentería; Wendy Lizeth Cruz-Pulido; Gildardo Rivera; Virgilio Bocanegra-García

In this study, a pyrosequencing method for monitoring two genes related to isoniazid (INH)-resistance and a region of the rpoB gene linked to rifampin (RMP)-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis was developed and evaluated. Specifically, a 20-base pair (bp) region of inhA (from -24 to -4), a 35-bp region of ahpC (from -39 to -4), and a 57-bp region of rpoB (from codon 515 to 533) were analysed by pyrosequencing. For the development of the method, selected non-consecutive clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were analysed, including: 25 isolates susceptible to both INH and RMP, 18 RMP-monoresistant isolates, 17 INH-monoresistant isolates, and 15 multidrug-resistant strains. Our pyrosequencing methodology was further evaluated using 96 M. tuberculosis isolates. Mutations in ahpC were found to be associated with INH resistance (p <0.05). By setting any mutation in ahpC as a marker of resistance, the specificity and the positive predictive value (PPV) were 100%. Similarly, any mutation in the rpoB gene was associated with a RMP resistance phenotype (p <0.01). Using any mutation in rpoB as a marker of RMP resistance, the sensitivity of this assay was 73% and the specificity and PPV were 100%. The use of this pyrosequencing method to analyse the ahpC and rpoB genes allowed us to detect INH- and/or RMP-resistant isolates. Furthermore, this method represents an opportunity to expedite the description of novel mutations related to drug resistance.


Parasitology Research | 2014

Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-leishmanial activity by quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives

Juan Carlos Villalobos-Rocha; Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres; Benjamín Nogueda-Torres; Aldo Segura-Cabrera; Carlos A. García-Pérez; Virgilio Bocanegra-García; Isidro Palos; Antonio Monge; Gildardo Rivera

In this work, a novel series of ethyl and methyl quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives were evaluated in vitro on Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and Leishmania mexicana promastigotes, and cytotoxicity activity in murine macrophages was tested. In silico molecular docking simulations of trypanothione reductase were also done. Three compounds of 33 quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives showed better anti-T. cruzi activity than nifurtimox and beznidazole; two compounds had better anti-leishmanial activity that amphotericin-B, and two compounds showed better activity against both parasites than reference drugs. Compounds M2, M7, M8 and E5, showed low cytotoxic activity on the host cell. The in silico studies suggest that compound M2 is a potential trypanothione reductase inhibitor.

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Elvira Garza-González

Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

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Antonio Monge

Counterintelligence Field Activity

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Benjamín Nogueda-Torres

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

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Gloria M. González

Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

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José Prisco Palma-Nicolás

National Autonomous University of Mexico

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Xianwu Guo

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

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Gildardo Rivera-Sánchez

Autonomous University of Tamaulipas

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