Vishal Mishra

Design and optimization of simultaneous biosorption and bioaccumulation (SBB) system: a potential method for removal of Zn(II) ion from liquid phase

Abstract This study has dealt with the design of simultaneous biosorption and bioaccumulation (SBB) batch system for Zn(II) ion removal from liquid phase. Cedrus deodara sawdust was used as carrier to immobilize Zinc sequestering bacteria “VMSDCM” accession number HQ108109. This methodology was adopted for SBB of metal ion zinc from liquid phase. The surface texture of the biomass was studied through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transformation infra red spectrum analysis. Physico-chemical analysis of the biomass was performed through proximate carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur analysis coupled with measurement of the surface area by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, obtained after the adsorption and desorption of nitrogen gas on the sample. Various isotherm models such as Langmuir (Type I to IV), Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models have been used in the present work. A modified model was proposed to elucidate the better explanation of the sorption of Zn(II) on the surface of Zinc se...

Sorption of Zn(II) ion onto the surface of activated carbon derived from eucalyptus bark saw dust from industrial wastewater: isotherm, kinetics, mechanistic modeling, and thermodynamics

Abstract The activated carbon was derived from base (0.2 M NaOH)-mediated activation of biomass followed by thermal treatment at 1,123 K. The utmost metal ion uptake capacity and sorption percentage of activated carbon derived from eucalyptus biomass were 1.42 mmol g−1 and 93.42%, respectively. Freundlich isotherm model proved to be superior with higher linear correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.96–0.98. Similarly, it was observed that pseudo-second-order reaction model with lower χ 2 (0.002703–0.009351) and sum of square errors (0.0001–0.0144) value together with higher R 2 (0.98–0.99) ruled in all the possibilities of sorption of Zn(II) ion on activated carbon surface as chemisorption. Bangham’s model (R 2 = 0.93–0.95) applicability in the present investigation demarcated the fact that the main rate-controlling step in the sorption of Zn(II) ions on activated carbon surface was film diffusion rather than intraparticle diffusion. The results of diffusivity coefficients (D f = 7.16 × 10−6 cm2 s−1) reproduced ...

Adsorption of Cu (II) on the Surface of Nonconventional Biomass: A Study on Forced Convective Mass Transfer in Packed Bed Column

The present investigation has dealt with the adsorption of Cu (II) across liquid phase on the nonconventional adsorbent. The nonconventional adsorbent used in the present work was Cedrus deodara sawdust obtained from local carpenters shop. The maximum uptake capacities of Copper (II) ions at saturation and breakthrough point were 55.63 mg/g and 53.18 mg/g for an initial concentration of 93 mg/L of copper, respectively. The fitting of the experimental data in Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models indicated the suitability of Langmuir isotherm in terms of very low statistical error functions that is, and sum of square errors (SSE) and higher values of linear regression coefficient. The goodness of fit of the breakthrough curve in Bohardt-Adams, Wolborska, Modified dose response, and Thomas model indicated the suitability of Thomas model with higher linear regression coefficient and lower values of statistical error functions. The flow rate and bed height affected the hydrodynamic parameters of the packed bed reactor significantly.

Biosorption of zinc ion: a deep comprehension

Massive industrialization and urbanization of civilization during the last few decades have made a thrust in heavy metal pollution in various water bodies. In past, various kinds of conventional metal ion remediation technologies, such as cementation, osmosis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, etc., have been practised. However, most of these technologies are quite expensive, and lead to the generation of secondary chemical sludge. However, biosorption of heavy metal ions is significantly inexpensive and an eco-friendly technology. Among the series of heavy metals, zinc has gained the significant interest due to its toxicity and easy availability in water bodies. Biosorption of zinc in liquid phase by living, nonliving, conventional and non-conventional biosorbents has been practised extensively in the past. This literature review focuses on the recent trends practised in the field of biosorption of zinc from liquid phase. The present work provides deep insight into various aspects of biosorption of zinc by different mechanisms of biosorption, bioaccumulation, isotherm, kinetic and mechanistic modeling. An exhaustive comparison among different sorts of biomasses has also been given in the present work to enlist all the milestones of biosorption.

Algal Biomass Pretreatment for Improved Biofuel Production

Algal biomass contributes significantly in the biomass based renewable energy generation. Algae are photosynthetic aquatic microorganism, which utilize CO2 for synthesis of biomass and other metabolites. Algae have ability to utilize nutrients from range of wastewaters and CO2 from the various gaseous streams including industrial flue gas (Prajapati et al. 2013). Simultaneous biomass production and wastewater treatment further improve the potential of algal biomass as feedstock for biofuel production (Chinnasamy et al. 2010; Choudhary et al. 2016; Prajapati et al. 2016). Major biofuels produced using algal biomass include: biodiesel, bioethanol, biooil, biohydrogen and methane (Prajapati and Malik 2015). However, irrespective of the biofuel production route, the recalcitrant nature of the algal cell wall is the major hurdle. The recalcitrant nature of the algae is due to the presence of complex biopolymers such as microfibrillar polysaccharides, matrix polysaccharides and proteoglycans. Hence, pretreatment of the algal biomass usually becomes necessary to improve the biofuel extraction. Pretreatment of algal cells deals with extraction process and yield of biomass/biofuel. This phase includes the cell wall disruption mediated by physical (mechanical), chemical and enzymatic methods.

Modeling of batch sorber system: kinetic, mechanistic, and thermodynamic modeling

The present investigation has dealt with the biosorption of copper and zinc ions on the surface of egg-shell particles in the liquid phase. Various rate models were evaluated to elucidate the kinetics of copper and zinc biosorptions, and the results indicated that the pseudo-second-order model was more appropriate than the pseudo-first-order model. The curve of the initial sorption rate versus the initial concentration of copper and zinc ions also complemented the results of the pseudo-second-order model. Models used for the mechanistic modeling were the intra-particle model of pore diffusion and Bangham’s model of film diffusion. The results of the mechanistic modeling together with the values of pore and film diffusivities indicated that the preferential mode of the biosorption of copper and zinc ions on the surface of egg-shell particles in the liquid phase was film diffusion. The results of the intra-particle model showed that the biosorption of the copper and zinc ions was not dominated by the pore diffusion, which was due to macro-pores with open-void spaces present on the surface of egg-shell particles. The thermodynamic modeling reproduced the fact that the sorption of copper and zinc was spontaneous, exothermic with the increased order of the randomness at the solid–liquid interface.