Vishal Mudgal

Effect of strategic nutrient supplementation on the reproductive performance of anoestrus crossbred cattle in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh.

In Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh anoestrus is a major problem in crossbred cattle under field conditions due to under feeding and non availability of balanced ration. Thirty anoestrus crossbred cattle {20 heifers (average body wt. 224.75 ±7.41 Kg) + 10 cows (average body wt. 316.50 ± 15.48 Kg , milk yield 4.9 ± 1.25 litre/h/d)} having normal genitalia were selected randomly from ten villages of Indore district. Average daily feed intake of each animal was recorded and proximate principle, major (Ca and P) and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Co) in available feedstuffs were determined to find out nutrient availability. Deficiency of nutrients was calculated by comparing the standard requirements of the animals. A strategic nutrient supplement [soya-De oiled cake, sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate, zinc oxide, copper sulphate, vitamin A & E] containing deficient nutrients was formulated on the basis of nutrient deficiency observed in rations of anoestrus cows. Supplementation study was carried out in the same thirty affected anoestrus crossbred cattle by dividing them into two groups of 15 (10 heifers + 5 cows) in each. One of them served as control (un-supplemented), while another was supplemented with strategic nutrient supplement (Treatment). This supplementation study was continued for a period of two months. During which individual animal was regularly examined for onset of estrus and artificially inseminated and after two months of the artificial insemination, pregnancy diagnosis of each animal was carried out per rectally to find out the conception status. Onset of estrus (control vs treatment group) in heifers (10% vs 70%) and lactating cows (20% vs 60%) and conception rate (control vs treatment group) in heifers (10% vs 50%) and lactating cows (20% vs 60%) were higher in the animals of supplemented group, while an additional advantage in the form of improvement (P

Effect of varying dietary protein on food utilization, growth performance and body composition of major carp (Labeo rohita)

Three fish meal based pelleted diets containing 27% (A), 31% (B) and 35% (C) crude protein levels were evaluated for major carp (Labeo rohita) early fry (450) after dividing into three groups of 3 replicates with 50 carps each in a aquaria through a short term laboratory experiment of three weeks. The feed consumption was comparable in all the groups. Feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios were 2.75, 1.36, 2.74, 1.19 and 2.53, 1.14 in groups A, B and C, respectively with no significant difference among groups. Average weight gain (%) was highest (228.16) in group B though numerically comparable among groups. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein were highest in group C as compared to others, while numerically data remained comparable. Body composition of major carp also indicated numerical superiority (high protein and low AIA content) of group C. Non significant variation in food conversion, protein efficiency ratio as well as protein retention efficiency suggested suitability of lowest protein level. It might be concluded that 27% CP with high carbohydrate (47.97%) might be optimum (77.01 Protein/Energy ratio) to support performance in early fry of major carp fed fish meal based pelleted diets.

Serum Concentrations of Iron, Copper, Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in Anoestrus Cattle and Buffaloes under Farm Condition

The present study was planned to determine serum micro-mineral status (iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt) in 50 anoestrus Murrah buffalo, Sahiwal and Crossbred cows and heifers. Serum micro-mineral contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean serum concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, manganese and cobalt taken from 14 Murrah buffalo cows and heifers were 2.82 ± 0.65, 0.48 ± 0.20, 2.65 ± 1.46, 0.24 ± 0.06 and 0.49 ± 0.24ppm, respectively. These mean values were 2.47 ± 1.35, 0.52 ± 0.16, 3.69 ± 2.57, 0.18 ± 0.09 and 0.56 ± 0.22ppm, respectively in 20 Sahiwal cow and heifers, while, 3.16 ± 1.05, 0.45 ± 0.13, 2.76 ± 1.51, 0.21 ± 0.07 and 0.51 ± 0.22ppm, respectively in 16 crossbred cow and heifers. Compared with normal range of these trace elements in healthy animals the level of copper was on a border way to show the signs of clinical deficiency symptoms, while the levels of other elements was in quite safe range to encounter any problem. It was concluded that deficiency of copper, could be responsible for anoestrus condition in these animals. Thus, to overcome the deficiency, strategic dietary supplementation of copper with better bioavailability could be a suitable approach.