Vishnu Priya

Analysis of serum immunoglobulins using Fourier transform infrared spectral measurements

Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy is a non-invasive, reagent free diagnostic tool in the analysis of biological fluids. The results can be best employed in the qualitative and quantitative investigation of biological fluids. Multiple myeloma is a disorder in which malignant plasma cells accumulate in bone marrow and produce excess immunoglobulin that leads to many complications. The present work is attempted in the study of normal and three different myeloma affected blood samples IgA, IgG and IgM using FTIR Spectroscopy. Internal Standard method is adopted in characterizing the samples quantitatively

Biochemical evidence for the antitumor potential of Garcinia mangostana Linn. On diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic carcinoma

Background: Garcinia mangostana is extensively used in most of the Indian herbal pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Objective: The objective of this study was to elucidate the underlying biochemical protective mechanism of G. Mangostana Linn. fruit extract (GME) in deterioration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatic carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Materials and Methods: The cancer was induced using DEN to the experimental rats and treated with GME (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) to find its anticancer property. The cancer biomarkers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), hepatic hydroxyl proline, total tissue protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were measured using ELISA. The vascular endothelial growth factor expressions were also seen in liver tissues using immunohistochemistry. Results: In addition, there was a significant increase in serum AFP, CEA, hepatic hydroxylproline, and total tissue protein levels in HCC group versus the negative control group. In contrast, the groups with HCC subjected to either high or low dose of GME elicited significant reduction of AFP, CEA, hepatic hydroxylproline, and increase in total protein in serum compared to the untreated HCC rats. Interestingly, treatment with GME elicited marked improvement in the liver histological feature and downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in HCC groups. GME extract may have chemopreventive benefits by reducing the tumor promoting growth factor levels in HCC-induced group. Conclusion: To sum up, all findings on curative groups had proved clearly that the GME has anticarcinogenic effect on the development of liver cancer induced by DEN in rats. Abbreviations used: TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, PBS: Phosphate buffered saline, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, GSH: Glutathione, VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.

Comparative evaluation of salivary malondialdehyde levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation in early childhood caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between lipid peroxidation and dental caries in children with ECC by estimating the levels of MDA in saliva of children. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 children were selected; 75 children with ECC and 75 children without caries (non-ECC). Saliva samples were collected and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 24 min at 4°C to obtain a supernatant. MDA levels were estimated by Buege and Aust method by using thiobarbituric acid. The data obtained were analyzed by Students t-test to compare MDA levels between the groups. Results: MDA levels were higher in children with ECC. There was no statistically significant difference between children with ECC and without ECC (non-ECC). Conclusion: MDA levels were slightly higher in children with ECC, indicating the role of lipid peroxidation in the carious process.

Genotypic characterization of Streptococcus mutans in child-mother pair—A PCR based study

Objectives At present, there is lack of evidence in literature regarding the transmission of Streptococcus Mutans from a caries-free mother to child by genetic methods, so the present study aimed to identify the genetic characterization of Streptococcus Mutans strains isolated from caries-free and caries active children and their mother being caries-free in both the groups and also to identify the genetic patterns of Streptococcus Mutans between caries-free and caries-active individuals. Methods Twenty child-mother pair were selected and divided into 2 groups and the mothers being caries-free in both the groups. Saliva samples were collected using a sterile tube, followed by microbial culture of Streptococcus mutans, DNA isolation and PCR amplification. The molecular weights of each band were converted into a binary data and data were entered into SPSS software version 20.0 to generate similarity dendrograms. Results Amplified products of Streptococcus Mutans demonstrated a same genetic distance between the mother-child pair, indicative of a closely related species. Dendrogram interpretation represented a greater genetic polymorphism of Streptococcus Mutans between caries-free and caries-active children. Conclusions Identical genetic distance between child-mother pair showed that, these Streptooccus Mutans were closely related and could have vertically transmitted from their mothers. Different genotypic pattern between caries-free and caries active subjects showed a genetic polymorphism among the Streptococcus Mutans strains.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ORAL MICROBIOTA OF CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES BORN TO CARIES FREE MOTHERS

ABSTRACT Objective: Renal stone disease has become an important clinical condition worldwide, and it results from a combination of several factors which are biochemical, epidemiologic, and genetic in origin. Preventive measures are very important concerning stone disease and these measures greatly depend on the type of stones. Performing a metabolic evaluation of stone patients to identify metabolic abnormality, if any, and treating the same helps reduce the recurrence of stones. To identify and correct the metabolic risk factors of patients presenting with either recurrent, bilateral, or multiple stones and thereby reduce the recurrence of stones. Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study, including collection of essential data of 100 patients and analyzing them for any metabolic abnormality. Results: Out of the 100 patients, 73 were males and 27 were females. The frequency of stone formation was high in the age group 51-60, even though age is not a significant factor. Only 55 patients underwent metabolic evaluation, in which 23 patients (41.8%) had a metabolic abnormality. The common abnormality found in this geographical area was hyperuricosuria (29.1%) followed by hypercalciuria (7.3%). Hypercalciuria was not statistically significant, but hyperuricosuria and acidic urine pH were significant factors that contribute to stone formation. Conclusion: Metabolic evaluation is a must for renal stone patients which greatly help reduce the risk of stone recurrence. Hyperuricemia was observed to be the major abnormality followed by hypercalciuria. Acidic urine pH and low urine volume were other significant risk factors. Keywords : Nephrolithiasis, Metabolic evaluation, Hyperuricosuria, Hypercalciuria.