Vital Pedro da Silva Paz

Crescimento e produtividade da mamoneira irrigada com diferentes diluições de esgoto doméstico tratado

The effects of the irrigation with domestic wastewater effluent on the growth variables and the productivity of castor bean, genotyps EBDA MPB 01, were evaluated under field conditions. The research was carried out from December 2009 to June 2010, at UFRB experimental area, in Cruz das Almas, BA. Four different proportions of dilution of domestic wastewater effluent in comparison with the conventional treatment were studied, in the following way: T1 - 100% of the treated effluent; T2 - 75% of the effluent +25% of artesian well water; T3 - 50% of the efluent +50% of artesian well water; T4 - 25% of the effluent +75% of artesian well water; T5 - conventional treatment (chemical fertilization and supplementary irrigation with water of artesian well). A randomized block design was used with four replications, totaling 20 experimental units. The productivity of the castor been did not show statistical differences among the treatments. The use of wastewater in castor been crop did not affect the growth variables analyzed.

Sistema de extração seqüencial da solução na macro e microporosidade do solo

Various methodologies for soil solution sampling are available, but the proportion between gravitational and capilar water is usually unknown. In this study, a sequential extraction system of soil water for determining its chemical composition as a function of the soil porosity is presented. Soil columns were filled by air-dried clay-loam Ultisol. The columns were saturated with distilled water for 24 h, and then the soil solution was sampled at the base of the column by applying the suction equivalent to 0, 13.3, 26.7, 40.0, 53.3 and 66.6 kPa. Volume, pH, electrical conductivity, Na+, K+ and NO3- were measured in the solution. The high correlation (non linear; r2 = 0.998) between applied suction and soil matrix potencial, which was assessed by a tensiometer within the soil column, validated the proposed method for sequential soil solution extraction. Ionic concentrations were highly variable in different soil pore sizes, with low concentrations in the soil macroporosity, except for K+, which demonstrated the necessity of standardizing the sampling methodology to avoid incorrect estimation of concentration of solute in soil.

Relações entre transpiração máxima, evapotranspiração de referência e área foliar em quatro variedades de mangueira

A study relating maximum transpiration (L m-2 leaf day-1) to reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for four mango cultivars (Tommy Atkins, Palmer, Haden and Van Dyke, with 14 m2, 8 m2, 33 m2 and 12 m2 of leaf area, respectively) was carried out at Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits, in the conditions of Cruz da Almas-BA. Plant transpiration (L. day-1) was estimated by heat balance sensors that were installed on the shoots (models SAG13; SGB9; SGB16; SGB19 e SGB25, Dynamax Inc.). The sensors were installed to the North (N), South (S), East (E), West (W) and Center(C) of each plant. The transpiration per unity leaf area (L.m-2.day-1) varied about 1.58 in average along the studied period and it also varied linearly with the increase in total leaf area, regardless the studied variety. Transpiration (Liters m-2 leaf area day -1) varied from 0.36 to 3.00, according to the atmospheric demand. The maximum transpiration (T) of the four mango varieties (Liters m-2 leaf area day -1) linearly related to ETo (T = 0.44. ETo; r2 = 0.78), performing as a reasonable tool for mango crop drip irrigation management.

Crescimento e estado nutricional de helicônia irrigada com água residuária tratada em casa de vegetação

In this study the growth and nutritional status of heliconias irrigated with treated wastewater of domestic origin associated with chemical fertilizers (NPK) was studied. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse utilizing plants of heliconia Golden Adrian. The experiment was installed in 5 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme consisting of five depths of irrigation water (equivalent to 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140% of class A pan evaporation - ECA), three types of water (wastewater (AR), rainwater (AP) and a mixture of 50% AR + 50% AP) and control (soil without fertilizer and receiving rainwater corresponding to 100% ECA). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five repetitions. The use of AR and larger depths of irrigation provided increases in evaluated parameters of growth. The levels of macronutrients in the leaves of plants irrigated with AR were similar to plants that received AP. The use of AR and AP resulted in increases in the content of micronutrients in leaves, especially Fe and Mn, above the levels recommended for the crop.

Composição química da solução do solo nas diferentes classes de poro do solo

A composicao quimica da solucao do solo pode ser considerada indicadora da presenca de nutrientes ou contaminantes no solo. Para analisar a variacao dessa composicao nos poros do solo, utilizou-se um sistema de extracao sequencial da solucao do solo em diferentes classes de diâmetro de poro. Colunas de PVC foram construidas e preenchidas com terra fina seca ao ar de um Cambissolo Haplico distrofico, e irrigadas com agua destilada (T1), efluente de estacao de tratamento de esgoto sanitario EETE (T2) e EETE + 1,2 g L-1 CaSO4 (T3), aplicando lâminas de 150 e 300 mm. Antes da irrigacao e apos cada lâmina, aplicaram-se na base de cada coluna os seguintes potenciais: 0, 13,3, 26,7, 40,0 e 53,3 kPa para extracao e coleta da solucao do solo nas faixas de poros: O > 76,2 µm, 44,6 44,6 m). Todos os dados foram ajustados significativamente ao modelo linear Y = a - b.log(X), onde Y e o atributo avaliado e X o diâmetro de poro do solo. Embora a concentracao de NO3-na microporosidade supere o valor limite [NO3-]lim para agua doce potavel (Classe 1), a baixa concentracao na macroporosidade (sempre inferior a [NO3-]lim/4) limita o risco de contaminacao por lixiviacao. Constatou-se tambem que a adicao de gesso promove a reducao da concentracao de NO3-e de Na+ no solo.

CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE GIRASSOL ORNAMENTAL IRRIGADO COM DIFERENTES LÂMINAS E DILUIÇÕES DE ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA

Crescimento e Producao de girassol ornamental irrigado com diferentes lâminas E diluicoes de agua residuaria MARIANA LAYS ANDRADE OLIVEIRA¹; VITAL PEDRO DA SILVA PAZ²; KAROLINE SANTOS GONCALVES³ E GREICE XIMENA SANTOS OLIVEIRA 4 ¹Nucleo de Engenharia de Agua e Solo, Universidade Federal do Reconcavo da Bahia, UFRB, Cruz das Almas, BA, mary_lays@hotmail.com ²Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Agricola, Universidade Federal do Reconcavo da Bahia, UFRB, Cruz das Almas, BA, vitalpaz@ufrb.edu.br ³Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Agricola, Universidade Federal do Reconcavo da Bahia, UFRB, Cruz das Almas, BA, karolinesg@yahoo.com.br 4 Instituto do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hidricos do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, gximena@gmail.com 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a producao de girassol ornamental submetido a irrigacao com diferentes lâminas e diluicoes de agua residuaria. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5x4 com 4 repeticoes, em casa de vegetacao no Nucleo de Engenharia de Agua e Solo (NEAS), pertencente a Universidade Federal do Reconcavo da Bahia, localizada no municipio de Cruz das Almas - BA. A cultivar utilizada foi a Anao de Jardim e os tratamentos foram constituidos por cinco concentracoes de agua residuaria diluidas em agua de abastecimento (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) e quatro lâminas de irrigacao obtidas a partir das percentagens de evaporacao do tanque classe A (70, 90, 110 e 130%). As variaveis analisadas foram: altura da planta (AP), diâmetro do caule (DC), numero de folhas (NF), massa fresca e seca da parte aerea (MFPA e MSPA), dias para o aparecimento de botoes florais (DABF), dias para o periodo de floracao (DPF), dias para abertura total dos capitulos (DATC), diâmetros internos e externos dos capitulos (DI e DE), massa fresca e seca dos capitulos (MFC e MSC), alem da estimativa do consumo hidrico da planta (CH). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, com excecao da AP, todas as variaveis foram influenciadas pelas lâminas de irrigacao ou pelas diluicoes de agua residuaria, nao havendo influencia significativa da interacao entre os fatores para nenhuma das variareis avaliadas. O uso de agua residuaria e a lâmina de 110% da evaporacao do tanque classe A favoreceram o desenvolvimento do girassol. O menor e maior consumo hidrico da cultura foi observado nas lâminas de 70 e 130%, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: Reuso, cv. Anao de jardim, tanque Classe A. OLIVEIRA, M. L. A.; PAZ, V. P. da S.; GONCALVES, K. S.; OLIVEIRA, G. X. S. GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL SUNFLOWER IRRIGATED WITH DIFFERENT DEPTHS AND CONCENTRATIONS OF WASTEWATER 2 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the ornamental sunflower production subjected to different depths and concentration of wastewater. The experiment was conducted in experimental design completely randomized in a factorial 5x4 with 4 repetitions in a greenhouse at the Center of Water and Soil Engineering (NEAS), of the Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia, located in Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. The cultivar used was cv. Anao de Jardim and the treatments consisted of five wastewater concentrations diluted in water supply (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and four irrigations blades obtained through evaporation of the percentages of the class A pan (70, 90 , 110 and 130%). The variables analyzed were: plant height (AP), stem diameter (DC), number of leaves (NF), fresh and dry weight of the aerial part (MFPA and MSPA), days for the appearance of flower buds (DABF), days to flowering period (DPF), days for full opening of chapters (DATC), internal and external diameters of the chapters (DI and DE), fresh and dry weight of chapters (MFC and MSC), and the estimate of water consumption plant. The results showed that, except for the AP, all variables were influenced by the irrigation blades or the wastewater concentrations, and there was no significant influence of interaction between factors for any evaluated variables. The use of wastewater and 110% evaporation of the class A pan depth favored the development of sunflower. The lower and higher water consumption of the culture was observed in depths 70% and 130%, respectively. Keywords : reuse, cv. Anao de Jardim, class A pan.