Viviane Santos da Silva

Partes não-integrantes da carcaça de tourinhos alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado na dieta

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the non-integrant body components of the carcass from young bulls slaughtered at 14-16 months of age, fed different concentrate levels in the diet. The animals were feedlot finished until reaching 400 kg of body weight. Sixteen bulls were randomly distributed into four treatments: 22; 40; 59 or 79% concentrate in the diet. The initial average age and weight were 9.3 months and 192.4 kg, respectively. The empty body weight (EBW) and carcass dressing ajusted for empty body weight were similar among the different concentrate levels. The increase in the concentrate level in the diet promoted linear decrease for intestine absolute weight, and linear increase for ruminal and abomasum absolute fat weight. When the components were expressed as adjusted EBW values and slaughter weight (SW), linear increases were observed for weight of feet, heart, intestine, trim fat, ruminal fat, gastrintestinal tract content and internal fat, and linear decreases were observed for weight of head and omasum as the concentrate level increased. The response of the abomasum weight according to the concentrate level was quadratic, with the minimum values estimated for the concentrate levels of 68.0, 66.7 and 69.2%, in relation to the absolute weight, adjusted for EBW and SW, respectively. The increase in the concentrate level from 22 to 79% increased the ajusted weights of gastrintestinal tract content and internal fat; however, it did not affect the total internal organs, empty body weight and carcass dressing ajusted for empty body weight of bulls slaughtered at 14-16 months of age with 400 kg.

Corn silage substituted by sunflower silage in the diet of fedlot steers: ingestive behavior

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn silage with sunflower silage (0, 33 e 66% DM) on the ingestive behavior of fedlot steers. Nine castrated steers were used, with average 288 kg initial live weight and 20 month old from the Nellore (N), 21/32Charolais (C) 11/32N and 21/32N 11/32C genetic groups. A randomized complete block experimental design was used, with three replications per treatment. The tested diets were: 100% corn silage and 0% sunflower silage; 70.94% corn silage and 29.06% sunflower silage and 38.27% corn silage and 61.73% sunflower silage, all with a 60:40 roughage:concentrate ratio. Time spent lying idle was greater for steers that consumed only corn silage as roughage compared to those that consumed sunflower silage. Time spent standing idle was similar between 33 (1.84 h) and 66% sunflower silage (1.96 h) and lower for 0% sunflower silage (1.62 h). The animals rumination time increased with the inclusion of sunflower on diet, with values of 8.61; 8.76 and 9.45 h, respectively for 0; 33 and 66% sunflower silage. Animals fed only with corn silage show better dry matter and neutral detergent fiber rumination efficiencies. The time spent feeding decrease with higher participation of sunflower silage.

Performance of finishing steers fed different sources of carbohydrates

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate sources (corn, soybean hulls or wheat bran) in the diet on performance of feedlot steers in the finishing phase. Twenty-four Charolais × Nellore crossbred steers, aged 22 months and initial weight of 335.0±10.9 kg were used in the experiment. Diets contained 40% sorghum silage and 60% concentrate. The intakes of dry matter (DM; 10.68, 10.16 and 10.34 kg/day) and crude protein (1.66, 1.70 and 1.72 kg/day) were not affected by diets with corn, soybean hulls or wheat bran, respectively. The intakes of neutral and acid detergent fiber were higher for soybean hulls, but the diet containing corn provided higher intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients and digestible energy. Weight gain was higher and better feed conversion for animals fed corn (1.57 kg/day, 6.85 kg DM/kg gain) or soybean hulls (1.58 kg/day and 6.61 kg DM/kg gain) compared with steers receiving wheat bran (1.29 kg/day and 8.14 kg DM/kg gain) in the diet. There was no significant effect of carbohydrate sources on the final body score (3.78 points), energy conversion (28.25 Mcal digestible energy/kg gain), hot carcass yield (57.63 kg/100 kg BW) and fat thickness (3.1 mm). From an economic point of view, soybean hulls can be an alternative source of carbohydrate to corn in diets of finishing steers with 60% concentrate.

Sources of carbohydrates in the ingestive behavior of feedlot steers

In this article we research the influence of different sources of carbohydrates (corn, soybean hulls or wheat bran) upon the digestive behavior of 24 confined castrated steers with an initial average age and weight of 20 months and 330 kg born from the cross between Charolais and Nellore. The diet was composed of 40% sorghum silage and 60% concentrate. The time spent on total ruminating (an average of 454.6 min/day) was not influenced by the source of carbohydrate. The animals from the wheat bran treatment spent less time idle (718 min) in relation to those on the corn and soybean hulls treatments, which did not differ between themselves (an average of 792 min/day). The steers from the wheat bran treatment remained less time feeding (184 min/day) compared with those fed the other treatments, whose average time of permanence in this activity was 214 minutes per day. The other studied variables did not present a significant difference between the treatments. Inclusion of wheat bran in the diet of the confined steers results in less spent time idle, while steers feeding on soybean hulls spend less time feeding. The use of corn, soybean hulls, or wheat bran in the diet of the confined steers does not affect the total cudding time.