Vivienne F. Baldassare

A ?50,000 M? Solar Mass Black Hole in the Nucleus of RGG 118

Scaling relations between black hole (BH) masses and their host galaxy properties have been studied extensively over the last two decades, and point toward co-evolution of central massive BHs and their hosts. However, these relations remain poorly constrained for BH masses below . Here we present optical and X-ray observations of the dwarf galaxy RGG 118 taken with the Magellan Echellette Spectrograph on the 6.5 m Clay Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory. Based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopy, RGG 118 was identified as possessing narrow emission line ratios indicative of photoionization partly due to an active galactic nucleus. Our higher resolution spectroscopy clearly reveals broad H? emission in the spectrum of RGG 118. Using virial BH mass estimate techniques, we calculate a BH mass of ?50,000 . We detect a nuclear X-ray point source in RGG 118, suggesting a total accretion powered luminosity of , and an Eddington fraction of ?1%. The BH in RGG 118 is the smallest ever reported in a galaxy nucleus and we find that it lies on the extrapolation of the relation to the lowest masses yet.

X-RAY CONSTRAINTS ON THE LOCAL SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE OCCUPATION FRACTION

Distinct seed formation mechanisms are imprinted upon the fraction of dwarf galaxies currently containing a central supermassive black hole. Seeding by Population III remnants is expected to produce a higher occupation fraction than is generated with direct gas collapse precursors. Chandra observations of nearby early-type galaxies can directly detect even low-level supermassive black hole activity, and the active fraction immediately provides a firm lower limit to the occupation fraction. Here, we use the volume-limited AMUSE surveys of ~200 optically selected early-type galaxies to characterize simultaneously, for the first time, the occupation fraction and the scaling of L X with M star, accounting for intrinsic scatter, measurement uncertainties, and X-ray limits. For early-type galaxies with M star 20% (at 95% confidence), but full occupation cannot be excluded. The preferred dependence of log L X upon log M star has a slope of ~0.7-0.8, consistent with the downsizing trend previously identified from the AMUSE data set, and a uniform Eddington efficiency is disfavored at ~2σ. We provide guidelines for the future precision with which these parameters may be refined with larger or more sensitive samples.

POPULATION PROPERTIES OF BROWN DWARF ANALOGS TO EXOPLANETS

We present a kinematic analysis of 152 low surface gravity M7-L8 dwarfs by adding 8 parallaxes, 38 radial velocities, and 19 proper motions. We find 39 objects to be high-likelihood or bona fide members of nearby moving groups, 92 objects to be ambiguous members and 21 objects that are non-members. We find that gravity classification and photometric color separate 5-150 Myr sources from > 3 Gyr field objects, but they do not correlate one-to-one with the narrower 5 -150 Myr age range. The absolute magnitudes of low-gravity sources from J band through W3 show a flux redistribution when compared to equivalent field sources that is correlated with spectral subtype. Clouds, which are a far more dominant opacity source for L dwarfs, are the likely cause. On CMDs, the latest-type low-gravity L dwarfs drive the elbow of the L/T transition up to 1 mag redder and 1 mag fainter than field dwarfs at M_J but are consistent with or brighter than the elbow at M_W1 and M_W2. Furthermore, there is an indication on CMDs (such as M_J versus (J-W2) of increasingly redder sequences separated by gravity classification. Examining bolometric luminosities for planets and low-gravity objects, we confirm that young M dwarfs are overluminous while young L dwarfs are normal compared to the field. This translates into warmer M dwarf temperatures compared to the field sequence while lower temperatures for L dwarfs.

MULTI-EPOCH SPECTROSCOPY OF DWARF GALAXIES WITH AGN SIGNATURES: IDENTIFYING SOURCES WITH PERSISTENT BROAD Hα EMISSION

We use time-domain optical spectroscopy to distinguish between broad emission lines powered by accreting black holes (BHs) or stellar processes (i.e., supernovae) for 16 galaxies identified as AGN candidates by Reines \etal (2013). Our study is primarily focused on those objects with narrow emission-line ratios dominated by star formation. Based on follow-up spectra taken with the Magellan Echellette Spectrograph (MagE), the Dual Imaging Spectrograph, and the Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph, we find that the broad H

X-Ray and Ultraviolet Properties of AGNs in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies

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AN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF THE ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE POPULATION IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES

emission has faded or was ambiguous for all of the star-forming objects (14/16) over baselines ranging from 5 to 14 years. For the two objects in our follow-up sample with narrow-line AGN signatures (RGG 9 and RGG 119), we find persistent broad H

AGN Activity in Nucleated Galaxies as Measured by Chandra

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EXPLORING THE ROLE OF SUB-MICRON-SIZED DUST GRAINS IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF RED L0–L6 DWARFS

emission consistent with an AGN origin. Additionally, we use our MagE observations to measure stellar velocity dispersions for 15 objects in the Reines et al. (2013) sample, all with narrow-line ratios indicating the presence of an AGN. Stellar masses range from

AMUSE-Field. II. Nucleation of early-type galaxies in the field versus cluster environment

\sim5\times10^{8}

Identifying AGNs in low-mass galaxies via long-term optical variability.

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