Vladimir Filipović

The Importance of Planting Pot Marigolds (Calendula officinalis L.) in Degraded Public Spaces from the Agroecological and Economic Perspective

Summary The purpose of this paper is to analyse the introduction of certain plant species such as pot marigolds (Calendula officinalis L.) into neglected and predominantly urban spaces in the Republic of Serbia. The research was based on the results obtained in a two-year experiment conducted in the vicinity of the Novi Sad-Backa Palanka road. The primary objective of the experiment was to examine the behaviour of pot marigolds in poor-quality and neglected soils, with minimum cultural practices, in order to obtain novel plants in such adverse environments, which could be subsequently marketed in Serbia. The experiment commenced in 2014 by planting pot marigolds in plots previously cleared of weeds by mechanical tilling. In the spring of 2015, pot marigold seedlings, i.e. the first generation of plants obtained from the plots created in 2014, were planted in weed-free plots. The measurements were performed in three replicates from 10 October to 10 December 2015 in order to determine the number of volunteer plants, which could be further improved in nursery production and subsequently marketed in Serbia. The results obtained indubitably indicate that this and prospective studies exert positive ecological, agricultural and economic effects on a vast range of potential users.

Soybean oil yield as affected by the growing locality in agro-climatic divergent years.

The subject of this study are two-year results of the oil yield of six NS soybean genotypes, 0 and I maturity group (MG) at two growing localities (Rimski Sancevi and Sombor in Serbia). Sombor had higher oil yield than Rimski Sancevi (by 119 kg ha -1 , i.e. 15.97%). In the locality of Sombor, in 2010, of the oil yields were statistically significantly higher (1.088 kg ha -1 ) compared to 2009 (640 kg ha -1 ), which is higher by 448 kg ha -1 or 70% of the average oil yield in 2009. The average oil yield, for all tested genotypes at both locations was 805 kg ha -1 , and ranged from 745 kg ha -1 (Rimski Sancevi) to 864 kg ha -1 (Sombor). At both sites significantly higher oil yield was recorded in 2010 compared to 2009. The highest average oil yield at both sites was achieved growing genotype Sava (840 kg ha -1 ). Sava had highest oil yield (887 kg ha -1 ) and Balkan (902 kg ha -1 ) in locality of Sombor. On average for both genotypes and growing localities I MG had higher average oil yield of 29 kg ha -1 ( 3.67%) than 0 MG genotypes. Realizing the potential for soybean productivity depends on genetic factors, the cultural practice implemented, meteorological conditions and the growing localities.

AN AGRO-TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN BROOMCORN LANDRACES

Comprehensive overview of the extent genetic diversity in South-East European landrace collection was estimated regard broadening of broomcorn (Sorghum bicolor [L]. Moench) germplasm variability. In a long-term field trials 28 accessions were analyzed to determine variability of agronomic (unthreshed panicle weight UTP, threshed panicle weight TRP, grain yield per panicle SWG and threshed panicle ratio RAN), morphological (plant height PHG, stalk height SHG, panicle length PLG, peduncle length PDL, flag leaf sheath length LSL and panicle exsertion PEX) and technological (fiber length FLG, fiber number per panicle NOP and fiber fineness FFI) traits. By all obtained results combining over univariate and multivariate analysis, the study showed significant variability over traits, so the examined landraces will be included in existing broomcorn germplasm. Accessories with valuable quantitative and qualitative characters can significantly contribute to improvement of new bred cultivars and broadening germplasm diversity. Three years field experiment showed significant positive correlations between PHG-SHG, PDL-PEX and UTP-SWG and significant negative correlations between PDL-FLG and SWG-RAN. The performance of examined landraces were generally within the ambit of broomcorn germplasm variability, but several accessions with the extreme trait profile for yield components and panicle quality will be useful as parents in the breeding process.

AGROTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION TOWARDS STANDARDIZATION OF BLACK CUMIN SEED PRODUCTION (Nigella sativa L.)

This paper presents growing possibilities of oily and medicinal plant - black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), and defines agro-technical standards for this. Use of seed and black cumin oil in the world is increasing. With regard to this, the goal of this study was to establishxa0 technical procedure for cultivation of this, less commonly cultivated species in Serbia. Investigation was carried out during 2013– 2015., at the experimental field of the Institute for Medicinal Plant Research Dr Josif Pancic, in Pancevo, Serbia. For the experimental purposes, domesticated population of black cumin was used. Following three planting dates– Early (half of March), Middle (half of April), and Late (half of May), and three row spacings – 25, 50 and 75 cm, has been tested. The obtained results document that the average length of the entire vegetation period was ca. 120 days, thought which the plants passes 13 different phenology phases (five vegetative and eight reproductive), for the first time described for agro-ecological conditions of Serbia. Influence of individual and combined effects of different sowing dates and row spacings on morphology and yields of dry and ripe black cumin seeds were recorded. Individually, the highest yields were obtained in the treatment with sowing datexa0 mid-April in combination with the row spacing of 50 cm, averagelly 752 kg*ha-1. Good achievments in cultivation are very important with regard to so precious properties of black cumin seeds. With defined appropiate growing technology, Serbian farmers will be able to continuously provide this raw materials with consistent quantity and quality, intended for application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Organic Production of Horseradish (Armoracia Rusticana Gaertn., Mey., Scherb.) in Serbian Metropolitan Regions☆

Abstract This article shows complete data of the means to grow organic horseradish in open field conditions in serbian metropolitan regions. In developed countries demand for organic productions grows, day in day out. That means that these cultures must be produced without appliance of additives, mineral fertilizers, pesticides, different hormones, and especially herbicides, that may biologically misbalance production environment. Thats why it is necessary to find the way and develop methods to produce medically clean food and to preserve natural resources. Horseradish is one of the ideal cultures for this kind of production.

Origanum heracleoticum L. and Origanum vulgare L. seeds germination stimulators

This paper studies the effect of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), herbal preparation (LAB 1 ) and the pre-cooling treatment (Ph) on seed germination of Origanum heracleoticum L. and Origanum vulgare L. As a control variant, seed treatment with distilled water was used. The highest germination energy (EK), germination after 14 days (14D) and total germination values (UK) were achieved with seeds of O. heracleoticum treated with 400 ppm GA 3 (50.3%, 57.3% and 64.8%, respectively) and the lowest values were observed with 3-day pre-cooling treatment (28.3%, 28.8% and 28.8%, respectively). The highest values for all seed quality parameters for O. vulgare were achieved by the treatment with the highest GA 3 concentration, 1000 ppm (60.0%, 67.0% and 74.8%, respectively), while the lowest germination values were recorded in 4-day pre-cooling treatment (26.0%, 26.8% and 27.5%, respectively). Overall, higher germination was observed in seeds of O. vulgare . The best germination stimulitor for both species proved to be gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), a hormone of plant origin, followed by the herbal preparation (LAB 1 ), then the control variant (DW) and, as the most unfavourable to stimulate germination proved to be pre-cooling treatment (Ph), which had no impact on the increase of seed germination.

Effects of a certified organic fertilizer on the yield and market quality of root parsley ( Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nym. ex A.W. Hill ssp. tuberosum (Bernh.) Crov.)

-1 and the control treatment was a plot where no organic fertilizer was applied. Field trials were conducted in the spring cycle of parsley growing, from 2005 to 2008, in Starcevo, on anthropogenic soil of subtype chernozem with signs of gley in loess. The results of these study show that the lowest root yield was found in the control treatment (23.22 t ha -1 ), while the highest yield was found in the treatment with 1.000 kg ha -1 of Siforga (37.03 t ha