Vladimir S. Saakov

Successes in Application of Pulse-Amplitude Modulated Fluorescence

Fluorescence is used not only in studying the functions of molecules, as demonstrated by the example of photosynthetic reactions (see Chap. 1), but also for an assessment of changes in molecular structure as a consequence of protein interactions with other molecules (e.g., with other proteins or DNA) or the influence of damaging agents such as temperature, light, chemical agents, and radiation (see Chap. 4).

Basis of Derivative Spectrophotometry

Photobiological processes occur under the influence of light of ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near infrared spectral regions. Generally, values of light flux intensity, I, and wavelength, λ are used in optical measurements. The frequency index ( bar{nu } ) is also considered to characterize an absorbed light. Frequency is expressed in reciprocal seconds [c−1] and presents itself as the ratio of a radiation velocity c to a wavelength λ [cm or nm]: n n

The Range of DSHO Application in Experiments with Pigments of Plants and Animals

bar{nu } = c/lambda = {3.10^{{17}}}/{lambda_{rm{nm}}},

Application of Derivative Spectrophotometry in Comparative Biochemical Studies

n nwhere c =3 × 1010 cm⋅c−1 or 3 × 1017 nm⋅c−1, the velocity of light. The frequently used index is the wavenumber ( bar{nu } ) equal to the number of waves in 1 cm. The wavenumber is a reciprocal wavelength expressed in reciprocal centimeters: n n

Applicability of the DSHO Method in Work with Pigments of Plants and Animals

[{hbox{c}}{{hbox{m}}^{{ - 1}}}]:bar{nu } = 1/{lambda_{rm{cm}}} = {10^7}/{lambda_{rm{nm}}}