Vu Dinh Lam

Structural, optical and magnetic properties of polycrystalline BaTi1−xFexO3 ceramics

Polycrystalline BaTi1−xFexO3 ceramics have been prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. Their structural, optical and magnetic properties are then studied by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering (RS) and absorption spectrometers, and a physical properties measurement system. Detailed analyses of XRD patterns and RS spectra reveal the phase separation of the tetragonal-hexagonal structure at a threshold concentration of x = 0.005. The increase in the Fe-doping content (x) leads to development of the hexagonal phase. Magnetic measurements prove that many BaTi1−xFexO3 samples exhibit the room-temperature ferromagnetic order, excepting the samples with x = 0.02–0.06. The ferromagnetism depends strongly on concentration of Fe impurities. The nature of this ferromagnetism is discussed by means of the results of structural analyses and optical absorption spectra.

Influences of annealing temperature on structural characterization and magnetic properties of Mn-doped BaTiO3 ceramics

Polycrystalline samples of BaTiO3 doped with 2.0 at. % Mn were prepared by solid-state reaction at various temperatures (Tan) ranging from 500 to 1350 °C, used high-pure powders of BaCO3, TiO2, and MnCO3 as precursors. Experimental results obtained from x-ray diffraction patterns and Raman scattering spectra reveal that tetragonal Mn-doped BaTiO3 starts constituting as Tan ≈ 500 °C. The Tan increase leads to the development of this phase. Interestingly, there is the tetragonal-hexagonal transformation in the crystal structure of BaTiO3 as Tan ≈ 1100 °C. Such the variations influence directly magnetic properties of the samples. Besides paramagnetic contributions of Mn2+ centers traced to electron spin resonance, the room-temperature ferromagnetism found in the samples is assigned to exchange interactions taking place between Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions located in tetragonal BaTiO3 crystals.

Influence of Mn doping on structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxO nanorods

We prepared Zn1−xMnxO nanorods by thermal diffusion. These samples were then studied the structural, optical, and magnetic properties. The structural analyses basing on x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope revealed the absence of Mn-related secondary phases. The study of photoluminescence spectra revealed the blueshift in the UV emission when the Mn doping concentration was increased, as a consequence of the extension of the band gap energy. Besides this situation, the increase in emission intensity associated with extrinsic defects at about 680 nm also took place. Concerning the Raman scattering spectra, apart from conventional phonon modes related to the ZnO wurtize-type structure, there were some additional modes introduced by the doping. Their origin was assessed carefully. Particularly, the shift in peak position of E2(high) toward low frequencies due to the increase in the Mn doping concentration could be explained well by means of the spatial correlation model. Magnetic measuremen...

Structural phase separation and optical and magnetic properties of BaTi1−xMnxO3 multiferroics

Our work studies the influences of the Mn doping on structural characterization and optical and magnetic properties of BaTi1−xMnxO3 (x = 0.0–0.12) prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. Detailed analyses of XRD patterns and Raman scattering spectra indicate an incorporation of Mn dopants into the Ti sites of BaTiO3 host lattices, and the tetragonal-hexagonal transformation taking place at a threshold concentration of xc ≈ 0.01. An increase of Mn-doping content in BaTi1-xMnxO3 introduces more electronic levels associated with lattice defects and Mn ions to the forbidden gap and thus reduces luminescent intensity in the visible region. Magnetic data recorded at room temperature reveal that all the samples exhibit ferromagnetic order, and there is a phase separation in magnetism as varying x values. Particularly, the samples with x = 0.5–0.7 have a coexistence of two ferromagnetic phases with different coercivities, which are associated with tetragonal and hexagonal Mn-doped BaTiO3 structures. The na...

Size-efficient metamaterial absorber at low frequencies: Design, fabrication, and characterization

We numerically and experimentally demonstrated a metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) in MHz region based on a planar sandwiched metal-dielectric-metal structure. First, the single-peak perfect absorption was obtained at 400 MHz. The ratios of the periodicity of unit cells and the thickness to the absorption wavelength are 1/12 and 1/94, respectively. The advantage of structural design and the mechanism for the low-frequency MPA are described in detail by the comparison between calculation, simulation, and experiment. Influence of the incident angle of electromagnetic (EM) wave for both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization on absorption was also investigated, and the absorption was maintained to be above 95% at incident angles up to 30°. Finally, we propose a self-asymmetric structure, which induces the dual-band perfect absorption in the same range of frequency. The EM behavior of the excitation modes and the mechanism of the dual-band MPA are clearly explained. Especially, w...

Highly dispersive transparency in coupled metamaterials

We study a planar metamaterial supporting electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT)-like effect by exploiting the coupling between bright and quasi-dark eigenmodes. The specific design of such a metamaterial consists of a cut-wire (CW) and a single-gap split-ring resonator (SRR). From the numerical and the analytical results we demonstrate that the response of SRR, which is weakly excited by external electric field, is mitigated to be a quasi-dark eigenmode in the presence of strongly radiative CW. This result suggests more relaxed conditions for the realization of devices utilizing the EIT-like effects in metamaterial, and thereby widens the possibilities for many different structural implementations.

Perfect and broad absorption by the active control of electric resonance in metamaterial

Anti-oscillating plasmas have been the key to perfect absorption induced by magnetic resonance. This is an achievement in recent research on metamaterials (MMs), especially in GHz and the lower-frequency regions of electromagnetic waves. Here, a comprehensive view of perfect absorption is introduced by means of both magnetic resonance and electric resonance in meta molecules. A conventional metal-dielectric-metal MM absorber is proposed to obtain dual-band perfect absorption. It is clarified that the mechanism of dual-band absorption is due to fundamental (at 7.2 GHz) and third-order (at 18.7 GHz) magnetic resonances. Finally, we develop triple-band absorption by integrating resistors in to the MM absorber. The electric resonance, under the presence of resistors, matches the impedance of the MM absorber with the air at 13 GHz and gives rise to the new absorption band, with absorption higher than 90%.

Optical bistability based on guided-mode resonances in photonic crystal slabs

Optical bistability of nonlinear guided-mode resonances in photonic crystal slabs (PCSs) are numerically investigated. We perform finite-difference time-domain simulations to determine the linear and nonlinear characteristics of these guided-mode resonances in PCSs. The nonlinear characteristics such as switching intensity and switching time, which are suggested as the performance metric of all-optical switches, are similar to the all-optical switches in slab waveguide gratings. While the slab waveguide gratings are sensitive to the incoming light polarization, the PCSs can offer an advantage of avoiding reduction efficiency and a requirement of careful polarization stabilization of the light source. From the calculations, we introduce a dependency of the normalized switching intensity and the switching time of the all-optical switches on quality factor for our designed guided-mode resonances in PCSs.

Miniaturization for ultrathin metamaterial perfect absorber in the VHF band

An efficient resolution for ultrathin metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) is proposed and demonstrated in the VHF radio band (30–300 MHz). By adjusting the lumped capacitors and the through vertical interconnects, the absorber is miniaturized to be only λ/816 and λ/84 for its thickness and periodicity with respect to the operating wavelength (at 102 MHz), respectively. The detailed simulation and calculation show that the MPA can maintain an absorption rate over 90% in a certain range of incident angle and with a wide variation of capacitance. Additionally, we utilized the advantages of the initial single-band structure to realize a nearly perfect dual-band absorber in the same range. The results were confirmed by both simulation and experiment at oblique incidence angles up to 50°. Our work is expected to contribute to the actualization of future metamaterial-based devices working at radio frequency.

Broadband negative permeability using hybridized metamaterials: Characterization, multiple hybridization, and terahertz response

There is an increased interest to create artificial magnetic metamaterials that show a negative permeability over a wide frequency range. In this paper, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate a broadband negative permeability using symmetric cut-wire-pair metamaterial structures. This finding is based on the second-order hybridization, which is activated by manipulating the correlation between the coupling within a single cut-wire pair and the coupling between neighboring cut-wire pairs. An effective medium analysis is performed to identify the role of the internal and external interactions in the hybridized metamaterials. An extended second-order hybridization scheme is proposed, which describes the electromagnetic response of more complex systems that exhibit an extremely wide band of negative permeability. In addition, the terahertz response of the cut-wire-pair dimer is further explored by scaling down the dimensions of the structures.