W. Dennis Keating

The Suburban Racial Dilemma: Housing and Neighborhoods

List of Tables and Maps Acknowledgments Part I: Racial Divisiveness and Policy Alternatives 1. Race, Housing, and Neighborhoods in the Metropolitan United States 2. The Open Housing Movement: Metropolitan Dispersion Strategies Part II: Housing, Race, and Neighborhoods in Metropolitan Cleveland 3. Cleveland: A Racially Polarized City 4. Suburban Cleveland: Case Studies of Suburbs and Fair Housing Organizations 5. East Cleveland: Black Suburbanization, White Flight, and Rapid Resegregation 6. Shaker Heights: Integration Maintenance in a Once Exclusionary, Planned Suburb 7. Cleveland Heights: The Struggle for Long-term Stable Racial Diversity 8. Parma: Court-Ordered Racial Integration 9. Euclid: A Suburban City in the Path of White Flight 10. Six Cleveland Fair Housing Organizations Part III: Fair Housing : Policies, Programs, Legality, and Prospects 11. Open Housing Policies and Programs 12. The Legal Status of Race-Conscious, Pro-Integrative Housing Policies and Programs 13. Toward Greater Racial Diversity in the Suburbs Reference Index

Linking Downtown Development to Broader Community Goals - an Analysis of Linkage Policy in Three Cities

Abstract Since 1981 three American cities—Boston, San Francisco, and Santa Monica—have adopted downtown planning policies that link large-scale commercial development with housing, transit, and employment to mitigate the negative effects of downtown growth. In this article I review the experience of those cities. I also discuss issues raised in debates about linkage policies in other cities and the factors that are critical to adoption of such policies; identify policy issues in the design and implementation of linkage programs; discuss the legality and effects of linkage policies; and analyze two alternatives to linkage policies. I conclude that only a few cities are likely to adopt linkage policies; that linkage programs are likely to have a significant but only marginal effect on social problems aggravated by downtown growth; that the effects and legality of linkage are unresolved; that linkage policies should be tied to comprehensive downtown plans; and that such policies can provide an equitable mean...

DOWNTOWN PLANS OF THE 1980S: THE CASE FOR MORE EQUITY IN THE 1990S

Abstract Central cities have experienced uneven development, with great attention paid to their downtowns and allocation of resources made accordingly in attempts to revitalize central business districts. Downtown plans have paid too little attention to citywide social problems and the role of the CBD in their amelioration. Social equity concerns should be seriously addressed in downtown plans. In this article 1980s plans are reviewed for six cities: Cleveland, Denver, Philadelphia, Portland, San Francisco, and Seattle. The analysis concludes with the suggestion that Torontos 1991 plan is a model for the future.

The Long-Term Impact of CDC's on Neighborhoods: Case Studies of Cleveland's Broadway-Slavic Village and Tremont Neighborhoods

This article analyzes the impact of two long-term community development corporations (CDCs) in Cleveland, Ohio, both of which influenced their communities and the greater Cleveland metropolitan area for over two decades. These two community development corporations were considered the most successful in the city. As a case study, the research team of investigative scholars at Cleveland State University used a variety of neighborhood indicators, as well as a set of measures derived through indepth interviews with focus groups and key stakeholders. Although it is not possible to establish direct causal connections, the evidence presented points to clear improvements in both neighborhoods that are attributable in part to the efforts of these two community development corporations. But for their efforts, conditions in both neighborhoods would have been much worse.

Cleveland's Lakefront: Its Development and Planning

This article explores the history of planning and development of Cleveland’s lakefront from the mid-nineteenth century through the most recent plans of late 2004. It shows that commercial uses, tied to different forms of transportation, dominated planning objectives, as distinct from recreational uses and attempts to expand public access. The most recent plans seek a better balance between private and public interests in future uses of Cleveland’s waterfront, but there is a lack of consensus among the competing interest groups.

Current Status and Future Prospects for Community Development Corporations

This review essay examines community-based development and looks at the status and future prospects of community development corporations (CDCs). The following publications are discussed: 1. Rachel G. Bratt, Rebuilding a Low-Income Housing Policy (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989), 399 pp.,

Book Review: Takings International: A Comparative Perspective on Land Use Regulations and Compensation RightsAltermanRachelle. Takings International: A Comparative Perspective on Land Use Regulations and Compensation Rights. Chicago, IL: ABA Publishing, 2010. 390 pp.

34.95. 2. Renee Berger, Against All Odds: The Achievements of Community-Based Development Organizations (Washington, D.C.: National Congress for Community Economic Development, March 1989), 10 pp.,

94.95 (paperback). ISBN 978-1-60442-550-5

10.00. 3. Neil S. Mayer, The Role of Nonprofits in Renewed Federal Housing Efforts (Cambridge, Ma.: Center for Real Estate Development, MIT, March 1988), HP 16,32 pp.,

Evicted: Poverty and profit in the American city, by Matthew Desmond: New York, NY, Crown, 2016

5.00. 4. Neal R. Pierce and Carol F. Steinbach, Corrective Capitalism: The Rise of Americas Community Development Corporations (New York: Ford Foundation, July 1987), 8 pp., no price.

Book Review: Climbing Mount Laurel: The Struggle for Affordable Housing and Social Mobility in an American Suburb

The goal is not to create a plan but rather to instantiate a process of planning to enable social learning through public participation. His highly practical chapter is bolstered by the one that follows in Chapter 12: Melosi’s historical account of private, then public, and once again private provisioning of urban water resources. As a case study in planning, Melosi’s chapter does not condone or condemn the recent shift to (a very new type of) privatization, but rather illuminates the need for inclusive processes like the one Steiner describes in order to navigate the many shades of gray between the extremes of public or private control of natural resources. The final section, “Civil Society, Industry, and Regulation,” investigates three potential sources of change. In Chapter 13, Hess repudiates both industry and government as effective avenues for protecting the environment, calling instead for increased attention to improving the efficiency of grassroots efforts and social movements. In Chapter 14, Cash and Brody take up the need for industrial organizations to drive change. The chapter describes industry’s motivations for participating in collaborative ecosystems management efforts and includes a useful review of research exploring the value of these efforts. Finally, Feenberg’s analysis in Chapter 15 argues for government regulation as the avenue for shifting society away from the pursuit of incremental improvements to unsustainable technologies, and toward a new path that rejects the assumed trade-off between environment quality and prosperity. At first, the three perspectives in Section 5 seem contradictory, yet they differ only superficially, as their preferred starting points for change inevitably cascade to other arenas. Hess, for example, sees civil society as the locus, but recognizes the need for revisions to state regulations to allow corporations to pursue societal benefits above maximizing shareholder profits. Cash and Brody recognize civil society pressures, both externally from the public and internally from employees, in their enumeration of industry’s motives to participation in environmental efforts. Their analysis can be used by governments at all levels to support greater industry involvement in collaborative ecosystem manage ment efforts. Feenberg’s suggestion that regulation is the appropriate starting point for change begs an investigation of political will, from which we can launch the well-worn chicken-or-egg debate involving civil society and the power dynamics of industry. We can extend his thesis that trade-off theory is a fundamentally flawed concept to all chapters in this section by viewing progress on all three fronts as esse ntial components of change. And at an even broader level, this section reflects the editor’s premise that sustainability is best understood through a pragmatic and pluralistic approach. As the preceding paragraph attests, Moore has masterfully organized multiple voices on sustainability to both illuminate and challenge readers throughout this volume. Chapter intro ductions assist readers by setting the context of the article that follows. The questions that follow each chapter provide insightful starting points for group discussions or individual reflections that deepen critical thinking and make connections between the ideas in different chapters. Moore’s editorial leadership is apparent within each chapter as well, with authors frequently connecting their own work to that of their coauthors in other chapters. Filling a few minor gaps might have strengthened this already laudable volume. First, the articles collected here share a common focus on the United States, yet environmental issues exist worldwide. Expanded emphasis on sustainability in non-U.S. contexts would strengthen the comprehensiveness of the book. Second, references to John Dewey’s research abound throughout this book, with scant explanations for those unfamiliar with his work. While Dewey’s work is well known to most researchers, as an introductory volume, a more detailed discussion on his contributions to sustainability thinking might be welcomed by readers. Finally, despite a few brief mentions, including a prominent one in the first sentence of the overleaf, the unique issues of climate change were left unaddressed. Given the topic and timing of this volume, a discussion of issues such as the global scale of environmental degradation, extremely long feedback cycles, and long-term uncertainty, and most poignantly the potential for reaching uncorrectable tipping points seems warranted. Despite these points, Moore’s useful and timely volume is a welcome contrast to the doom-and-gloom scenarios of environmental damages painted by many environmental writers. Readers are strongly encouraged to carefully read and revisit Moore’s excellent introduction after completing the core chapters of the book. The effort will surely be rewar ded with fresh insights and connections on the scientific, technical, and most importantly, the social significance of sustainability as part of an overall “discourse through which we might imagine more hopeful futures” (p. 3).