W. E. C. Moore

Comparative Distribution and Taxonomic Value of Cellular Fatty Acids in Thirty-Three Genera of Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

Cellular fatty acid profiles were determined for species in 33 genera of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli and were confirmed to be a useful taxonomic tool. Most of the genera could be differentiated by visual inspection of their profiles. The three genus pairs that were most difficult to distinguish visually (Bacteroides and Prevotella, Pectinatus and Megamonas, and Serpulina and Bilophila) and the species of these genera were differentiated by the MIDI (Microbial ID, Inc.) identification system. Similarities in cellular fatty acid profiles may be correlated with similarities in other phenotypic characteristics, but more often there is no other obvious phenotypic relationship. Although medium components may not change the constituents detected or the ratios among the constituents detected for some species, identical medium changes may result in vast differences in the profiles obtained with other species. Thus, if a worker wishes to compare profiles of various taxa, it is essential that the same cultural and analytical conditions be used.

Actinomyces georgiae sp. nov., Actinomyces gerencseriae sp. nov., designation of two genospecies of Actinomyces naeslundii, and inclusion of A. naeslundii serotypes II and III and Actinomyces viscosus serotype II in A. naeslundii genospecies 2

DNAs of type strains and representative members of Actinomyces groups from the human periodontal flora and from other habitats were compared by using the S1 nuclease procedure to determine their genetic relatedness. One rather common group from the human periodontal flora, previously called Actinomyces D08, is phenotypically distinct from, and genetically unrelated to, previously described species. We propose the name of Actinomyces georgiae for this organism; the type strain is strain ATCC 49285. Another common group from the human periodontal flora is Actinomyces israelii serotype II, which was found genetically distinct from the type strain of A. israelii (serotype I) and from other previously described species of Actinomyces. We propose the name Actinomyces gerencseriae for this organism; the type strain is strain ATCC 23860. A. naeslundii serotype I strains were distinct from the other strains studied. A separate genospecies which included strains of A. naeslundii serotypes II and III and A. viscosus serotype II was delineated. Strains of Actinomyces serotype WVA 963 constitute an additional distinct genospecies. Because there are no reliable phenotypic tests, other than serological analyses, to differentiate Actinomyces serotype WVA 963 and the two genospecies of A. naeslundii, no taxonomic changes are proposed for these three genospecies.

Index of the Bacterial and Yeast Nomenclatural Changes Published in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Since the 1980 Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (1 January 1980 to 1 January 1985)

The following list includes the official nomenclature of bacteria and yeasts recognized by the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology as published or validated in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB) according to the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB), Rule 27. References to nomenclature established by the 1980 Approved Lists of Bacterial Names are designated by (AL). Except where noted, all references pertain to IJSB. References to original refereed articles published in IJSB are marked with an asterisk (*). References to names that appear only on validation lists give only the year, volume, and page number without special designations. The validity of species is not guaranteed by inclusion in these lists. However, the priority of the name is established by the date and page of publication in IJSB either as an original article or by mention in the validation lists (ICNB Rule 27). As far as possible, the citations of names are in the correct format according to the code and may differ from those used by the original authors. Basonyms are included to clarify the previous names or histories of individual taxa. Annotations are made to clarify the rules or rationale for some of the nomenclatural changes in this index. We would appreciate factual information concerning any errors or corrections for this list. Abbreviations and addresses of collections from which designated type strains are available (ICNB Recommendation 30A) are listed alphabetically at the end of the list. We thank Bobbie Brandon of the American Type Culture Collection for helping to provide complete addresses for the culture collections. Reprints of this publication are available for

Bacteroides caccae sp. nov., Bacteroides merdae sp. nov., and Bacteroides stercoris sp. nov. Isolated from Human Feces

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Selenomonas noxia sp. nov., Selenomonas flueggei sp. nov., Selenomonas infelix sp. nov., Selenomonas dianae sp. nov., and Selenomonas artemidis sp. nov., from the Human Gingival Crevice

Three new saccharolytic Bacteroides species that have DNAs with guanine-plus-cytosine contents of 40 to 46 mol%, produce major amounts of succinate, and were isolated principally from human feces are described: Bacteroides caccae, with ATCC 43185 as the type strain; B. merdae, with ATCC 43184 as the type strain; and B. stercoris, with ATCC 43183 as the type strain. These groups previously have been referred to as the “3452A,” “T4-1,” and “subsp. a” groups, respectively.

Fusobacterium alocis sp. nov. and Fusobacterium sulci sp. nov. from the Human Gingival Sulcus

Five new species of motile and nonsporeforming anaerobic gram-negative rods that have deoxyribonucleic acids with guanine-plus-cytosine contents of 56 to 58 mol%, produce major amounts of propionic and acetic acids, and were isolated from the human gingival crevice are described: Selenomonas noxia with ATCC 43542 as the type strain, Selenomonas flueggei with ATCC 43531 as the type strain, Selenomonas infelix with ATCC 43532 as the type strain, Selenomonas dianae with ATCC 43527 as the type strain, and Selenomonas artemidis with ATCC 43528 as the type strain.

Descriptions of Prevotella tannerae sp. nov. and Prevotella enoeca sp. nov. from the Human Gingival Crevice and Emendation of the Description of Prevotella zoogleoformans

Two new species, Fusobacterium alocis and Fusobacterium sulci, are described. They were isolated principally from subgingival areas associated with gingivitis or periodontitis. Strains of these species were nonreactive in the biochemical tests usually used and were differentiated most readily from each other and from other Fusobacterium species by patterns of soluble cellular proteins determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The type strains of the species are F. alocis ATCC 35896 and F. sulci ATCC 35585.

Rejection of Clostridium putrificum and conservation of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium sporogenes : request for an opinion

Prevotella tannerae sp. nov. and Prevotella enoeca sp. nov. from the human gingival crevice are described. These organisms are obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, nonmotile, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment carbohydrates and produce succinic and acetic acids. Bile inhibits growth. Some strains (38%) of P. tannerae produce colonies with a tan to black pigment when they are grown on rabbit blood agar. The type strains are P. tannerae ATCC 51259 and P. enoeca ATCC 51261. In addition, the description of Prevotella zoogleoformans is emended to exclude strains now recognized as members of Prevotella heparinolytica.

The bacteria of periodontal diseases

Clostridium putrificum (Trevisan 1889) Reddish and Rettger 1922; Clostridium botulinum (van Ermengem 1896) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer, and Huntoon 1923; and Clostridium sporogenes (Mechnikoff 1908) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer, and Huntoon 1923 are genetically related at the species level. We propose rejection of the name C. putrificum (which has priority) and conservation of the name C. botulinum on the basis of Rules 23a and 56a of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria and conservation of the name C. sporogenes for nontoxigenic strains according to Rules 23a and 56b.