W. Krack
University of Marburg
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Featured researches published by W. Krack.
World Journal of Surgery | 1999
W. Lorenz; Hans Troidl; Joseph S. Solomkin; C. Nies; H. Sitter; M. Koller; W. Krack; Michael F. Roizen
Despite worldwide enthusiasm for endoscopic surgery, this new technology is now on the top of McKinlays “product life circle curve.” Critical questions are being asked about its benefits and burdens, but the concepts applied and the methodologies used for technology assessment are in a similar position as endoscopic surgery and need a critical evaluation. (1) There are incorrect and outdated concepts for the scientific basis of surgery (surgical theory) including the basic sciences involved; biomedicine still dominates, but assessment of outcome after operations is no longer possible without clinical epidemiology and social psychology. (2) Based on an outdated scientific theory for surgery, an outdated concept of disease is still propagated. It is denoted as mechanical and is based solely on biomedicine. Human subjects are reduced to biologic machines, and outcomes measurement excludes most dimensions of functioning and well-being. To achieve a valid result for outcome measures, a hermeneutic approach must be combined with the mechanical approach. (3) Based on an outdated model of disease, the outcomes used in endoscopic surgery rely too much on traditional measures, such as mortality rate, complication rate, hospital stay, and especially an endless list of biochemical mediators. Their alterations during the perioperative period have not yet been shown to be related to clinical or hermeneutic outcomes. A new method of assessment for clinical trials in endoscopic surgery and for other surgical problems is outlined, such as for surgical infections and for surgical oncology. It includes an index of recovery and objective health status assessed by the doctor, a quality-of-life self-report by the patient, and the true endpoint concept as a critical weighting of both types of outcome by patients and doctors.
Chirurg | 2001
C. Nies; I. Celik; W. Lorenz; M. Koller; U. Plaul; W. Krack; H. Sitter; M. Rothmund
Abstract.Introduction: Mechanistic study endpoints, evaluated exclusively by the physician, are mostly used in clinical studies evaluating new treatment modalities (e.g. laparoscopic cholecystectomy). Those endpoints often lack clinical relevance. The patients opinion concerning the importance of a study endpoint is particularly important in the evaluation of minimally invasive procedures, which place special emphasis on patient comfort. Methods: In a first step it was evaluated by meta-analysis, which clinical endpoints have been used for comparison of laparoscopic and conventional cholecystectomy. Furthermore, using a qualitative analysis it was investigated how important the individual study endpoints are for patients and physicians. Ten patients and five surgeons were questioned in a structured interview. Results: Of all outcome variables used world-wide, approximately one third were hermeneutic study endpoints, depending on the quality of the study, but often the method of evaluation was insufficient. Only three of 215 endpoints ( < 2 %) were quality of life scores, an integrated concept of outcome was missing completely. The qualitative analysis confirms the claimed difference between isolated and integrated evaluation of treatment goals. The importance of postoperative death is underestimated by patients and physicians; postoperative pain is overestimated. Patients ranked the outcome variable “restoration of full physical fitness“ as the most important study endpoint after avoidance of complications and death. It is underestimated in isolated evaluation and has not been used in the world literature at all. Conclusion: The analysis of clinical relevance of study endpoints should be the first and not the last step of studies to evaluate surgical technology. It cannot be based purely on intuition; it must make use of scientifically accepted techniques (e.g. qualitative analysis).Zusammenfassung.Einleitung: In klinischen Studien zur Evaluation neuer Behandlungsverfahren (wie z. B. bei der Einführung der laparoskopischen Cholecystektomie) werden zumeist mechanistische, allein vom Arzt evaluierte Studienendpunkte gewählt. Häufig fehlt solchen Endpunkten die klinische Relevanz. Gerade bei der Beurteilung von minimal-invasiven Behandlungsmethoden, bei denen der Patientenkomfort im Vordergrund steht, ist die Beurteilung eines Studienendpunkts durch Patienten besonders wichtig. Methoden: Es wurde zunächst im Rahmen einer Metaanalyse evaluiert, welche klinischen Studienendpunkte beim Vergleich von laparoskopischer und konventioneller Cholecystektomie bisher verwendet wurden. Anschließend wurde mit einer qualitativen Analyse untersucht, welche Bedeutung den einzelnen Studienendpunkten von Patienten und Ärzten beigemessen wird. Hierzu wurden 10 Patienten und 5 Chirurgen in einem strukturierten Interview befragt. Ergebnisse: In Abhängigkeit von der Studienqualität wurden weltweit zu etwa einem Drittel hermeneutische Gesundheitsziele (Endpunkte) eingesetzt, aber vielfach mit ungenügender Methode. Lebensqualitätsscores wurden als 3 von 215 Endpunkten verwendet ( < 2 %), ein integratives Konzept von Outcome fehlte vollständig. Die qualitative Analyse weist den behaupteten Unterschied zwischen isolierter und integrativer Bewertung von Gesundheitszielen nach. Der postoperative Tod wurde von Patient und Arzt unterschätzt, der postoperative Schmerz überschätzt. Das von Patienten nach Vermeidung von Komplikationen und Tod am höchsten bewertete Gesundheitsziel „Wiederherstellung der vollen physischen Belastbarkeit“ wurde bei isolierter Wertung unterschätzt und tauchte in Studien der Weltliteratur überhaupt nicht auf. Schlussfolgerung: Eine Werteanalyse der klinischen Relevanz von Studienendpunkten muss an den Beginn, nicht ans Ende von Studien zur chirurgischen Technologiebewertung gestellt werden. Diese darf nicht allein aus Intuition kommen, sie muss sich heute wissenschaftlich anerkannter Methoden (z. B. qualitativer Analyse) bedienen.
Inflammation Research | 1997
C. Nies; W. Krack; W. Lorenz; Kaufmann T; H. Sitter; I. Celik; M. Rothmund
Results of a randomised trial in acute cholecystitis C. Nies, W. Krack , W. Lorenz, T. Kaufmann, H. Sitter, I. Celik and M. Rothmund Department of General Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr., D-35033 Marburg, Germany Institute for Theoretical Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr., D-35033 Marburg, Germany Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr., D-35033 Marburg, Germany
Archive | 2002
H. Sitter; W. Lorenz; U. Nicolay; W. Krack; A. Zielke
Introduction: A previous upper gastrointestinal bleeding trial [5] had shown that patients treated with repeated fibrin glue injection for upper gastrointestinal bleeding have significantly less rebleeding than those treated with polidocanol. Our aim was to analyze if repeated fibrin glue injection is cost-effective and to investigate how implementation of new research results changes physicians attitudes. Methods: A random sample of 5 hospitals from the previous study [5] was drawn. Cost identification and follow-up data on 319 patients (154 in the polidocanol group, 165 in the fibrin glue group) were collected. An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis and comparison of outcomes was performed by x 2-tests and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A survey with a questionnaire on local guidelines for management of ulcer bleeding and a qualitative analysis of its results were conducted in the 5 hospitals. Results: The cost for the prevention of one additional rebleeding by repeated FG treatment amounts to 14,316 EUR (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio). There were no significant differences in length of stay in ICU and hospital. The physicians did not change their management plans for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In the survey it was seen that other factors like local guidelines, attitudes towards new treatment options and easiness of handling of drugs are more important factors for a behavioral change of the doctors than a result of a single study. Conclusions: A significantly lower rebleeding rate in the fibrin glue group did not result in significant differences in length of ICU or hospital stay.
Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie. Supplement | 1998
C. Nies; W. Krack; W. Lorenz; H. Sitter; T. Kaufmanna; I. Celik; M. Rothmund
Nach Einfuhrung der minimal-invasiven Operationsverfahren wurden in vielen Studien die perioperativen Veranderungen verschiedener Mediatoren vergleichend bei laparoskopischen und konventionellen Operationen untersucht [7–10]. Zweifellos konnen die Ergebnisse solcher Studien dazu beitragen, die operationsbedingten pathophysiologischen Veranderungen besser zu verstehen. Es kann aufgrund derartiger Daten allein jedoch nicht der Schlus gezogen werden, das ein Operationsverfahren dem anderen uberlegen ist. Verschiedene Autoren interpretierten ihre Daten jedoch in dieser Weise [9, 10]. Um den Veranderungen biochemischer Parameter im Rahmen operativer Eingriffe eine klinische Relevanz zu verleihen, mussen sie mit einem klinischen Wiederherstellungsergebnis korreliert werden. In komplexen klinischen Situationen ist es jedoch kaum moglich, einen relevanten pradiktiven oder kausalen Effekt eines Einzelparameters auf ein klinisches Endergebnis nachzuweisen. Es war deshalb das Ziel unserer Untersuchung, verschiedene Mediatoren in einem mathematischen Modell gemeinsam hinsichtlich ihres Vorhersagewertes fur das postoperative Wiederherstellungsergebnis zu analysieren.
Inflammation Research | 1997
C. Nies; Opper C; W. Lorenz; W. Krack; Kaufmann T; Bartsch D; M. Rothmund
cholecystectomy in human subjects: Impact of plasma catecholamines for differentiation C. Nies, C. Opper, W. Lorenz, W. Krack , T. Kaufmann, D. Bartsch and M. Rothmund Department of General Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr., D-35033 Marburg, Germany Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr., D-35033 Marburg, Germany Institute for Theoretical Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr., D-35033 Marburg, Germany Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr., D-35033 Marburg, Germany
Inflammation Research | 2001
I. Celik; W. Krack; T. Zeiler; V. Kretschmer; S. Solinas; H. Gajek; W. Lorenz
Inflammation Research | 1999
I. Celik; C. Nies; W. Lorenz; H. Sitter; B. Stinner; W. Krack; D. Krackrügge; J.-H. Krömer; M. Rothmund
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology | 2003
H. Sitter; W. Lorenz; Uwe Nicolay; W. Krack; Armin Hellenbrandt; A. Zielke; Hartwig Gajek; Gertrud Ledertheil
Inflammation Research | 1999
W. Krack; C. Nies; H. Sitter; I. Celik; Kaufmann T; Opper C; M. Kraus; W. Lorenz