W Z Traczyk

Inhibition of tongue reflex in rats by tooth pulp stimulation during cerebral ventricle perfusion with (6–11) substance P analogs

The effect of 12 C-terminal hexapeptide analogs of substance P perfused into the cerebral ventricles on the trigemino-hypoglossal reflex caused by incisor pulp stimulation in rats was investigated. A substitution of the L-isomer by D at position 6, 7, or 8 of the substance P analogs used in this study caused the most pronounced inhibition of the trigemino-hypoglossal reflex. A correlation between the degree of inhibition of the reflex and concentration of the peptide used was observed.

Increase of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Concentration in Pituitary Portal Blood after Substance P Administration in Male Rats

Substance P (SP) affects gonadotropin release from the anterior pituitary gland. In the present study we tested whether SP exerts this effect through GnRH release into pituitary portal blood in intact male rats (INT), orchidectomized rats with s.c. chronically implanted empty Silastic capsule (ORCX), testosterone capsule (ORCX + T), and 17β-estradiol capsule (ORCX + E2). The pituitary glands were exposed by the transpharyngeal approach under urethane-chloralose anesthesia. Then, the stalk portal vessels were cut and three 30-min portal blood samples were collected. Each first sample of blood was treated as a control before 0.2 ml injection of normal saline, 5 µg, or 25 µg of SP in 0.2 ml of normal saline into the internal carotid artery. GnRH concentration in the purified portal plasma were measured by RIA. Injection of SP into the internal carotid artery caused a significant increase in GnRH concentration in pituitary portal plasma only in INT rats. The higher dose of SP markedly increased GnRH concentration in the 1st blood sample (p < 0.001) and in the 2nd blood sample GnRH concentration was lower but still significant higher than prior SP injection (p < 0.05). The lower dose of SP increased GnRH concentration later, only in the 2nd portal blood sample after intracarotid SP injection (p < 0.001). Injection of normal saline had no effect on GnRH concentration in pituitary portal blood in INT rats. In ORCX, ORCX testosterone- and estrogen-implanted rats portal plasma GnRH concentrations were not changed significantly after injection of both doses of SP. These results indicate that SP stimulates GnRH release into pituitary portal blood and the influence of SP on GnRH neurons depends on the levels of circulating gonadal steroid hormones.

Influence of cerebral ventricles perfusion with hexapeptide derivatives of substance P on evoked tongue Jerks in rats

The effects of perfusion through cerebral ventricles with two hexapeptides, C-terminal derivatives of substance P, on evoked tongue jerks (ETJ), were studied on male rats. During perfusion, stimulation of the infraorbital nerve caused retractive movements (ETJ) of the stretched tongue, the amplitudes of which were recorded. The mean amplitudes of ETJ recorded during each 10 min period of perfusion with McIlwain-Rodnights solution and solution containing hexapeptides were compared. The biologically most active C-terminal hexapeptide derivative of substance P (pyro-Glu6)SP6-11, perfused through cerebral ventricles in a concentration of 5 nmol/ml increased the ETJ. This effect was dose-dependent. A 10 times higher concentration in the perfusion fluid of the less biologically active hexapeptide SP6-11 was not effective. The possibility that substance P, and its active fragments present in the fluid in cerebral ventricles, could modulate the reflex centers in the medulla is discussed.