Waldemar Susek

Multifrequency microwave thermograph for biomedical applications

This paper presents problems related to thermal radiation of human bodies in microwave range with respect to diagnosis of breast carcinoma. A mathematical model of thermal radiation transfer through tissues is introduced and methods of measurement of temperature, depth and size of a heat source, by means of multifrequency microwave thermograph are described. Theoretical considerations are supplemented by presentation of experimental results.

Through-the-wall detection of human activities using a noise radar with microwave quadrature correlator

The analysis of the autocorrelation function of a noise signal in a limited band of a microwave frequency range is described. On the basis of this analysis, a static characteristic of the detector for object movement was determined. The measurement results for the correlation function of noise signals are shown and the application of such solution in a noise radar for the precise determination of distance variations and the velocity of these changes is presented. The results for a short-range noise radar operation are presented both for static and moving objects. The experimental results gained from 2.6-3.6 GHz noise-like waveform for the signal of a human breathing and heart beating are presented.

Multibit Microwave Frequency Discriminators

The broadband microwave phase detector with diode ring discussed in the paper can be also used as a frequency detector. Operation principle for frequency detectors of the sine and cosine type are presented. Structures of multichannel frequency discriminators including sine and cosine type detectors and their features are also shown.

Estimation of deep-seated profile of temperature distribution inside biological tissues by means of multifrequency microwave thermograph

This paper presents problems related to thermal radiation of human bodies in the microwave range in relation to diagnosis of breast carcinoma. A mathematical model of thermal radiation transmission through tissues is introduced and methods of measurement of temperature and the depth and size of a heat source, by means of multifrequency microwave thermography, are described. Theoretical considerations are supplemented by results of experiments.

Airborne radar terrain imaging system

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging systems are becoming increasingly useful in military and civilian surveillance applications. Installation of a SAR system on a miniature unmanned aerial vehicle (mini UAV) enables high resolution terrain imaging in adverse observational conditions, e.g. at night, in fog or in smoke, where classical or infrared cameras would be useless. Use of a small and relatively low-cost radar platform allows for reduction of the mission costs and reduces the risk of detection and destruction of the carrier by the enemys air defence. The paper presents a concept, a structure, and the most important elements of the UAV-based SAR terrain imaging system, currently developed in a project WATSAR, jointly realized by the Institute of Radioelectronics of the Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland and a Polish private company WB Electronics S.A., under a grant financed by the National Centre for Research and Development. It is assumed that the system will provide high resolution radar images, comparable with aerial photographs, which will be used for tactical scale military reconnaissance. The SAR images from the developed system can also augment multisensory data processed in Battlefield Management Systems (BMS), supporting decision processes on contemporary battlefield and increasing situational awareness of individual soldiers.

Multifrequency microwave thermograph for oncological applications

This work presents problems related to thermal radiation of human bodies in microwave range in aspect of diagnosis of breast carcinoma. A mathematical model of thermal radiation transfer through tissues is introduced and methods of measurement of temperature, depth and size of a heat source, by means of multifrequency microwave thermograph are described. Theoretical considerations are supplemented by presentation of experimental results.

Estimation of temperature distribution inside biological tissues by means of multifrequency microwave thermograph

Presents problems connected with thermal radiation of human bodies in the microwave range for aspects of breast carcinoma diagnosis. A mathematical model of thermal radiation transmission through tissues is introduced and methods of measurement of temperature, depth and size of heat source, by means of multifrequency microwave thermography, are described. Theoretical considerations are supplemented by presentation of the results of experiments.

Noise radar with broadband microwave ring correlator

A principle of quadrature correlation detection of noise signals using an analog broadband microwave correlator is presented in the paper. Measurement results for the correlation function of noise signals are shown and application of such solution in the noise radar for precise determination of distance changes and velocity of these changes is also presented. Results for short range noise radar operation are presented both for static and moving objects. Experimental results using 2,6 - 3,6 GHz noise like waveform for the signal from a breathing human is presented. Conclusions and future plans for applications of presented detection technique in broadband noise radars bring the paper to an end.

Theory and Measurement of Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Continuous-Wave Noise Radar

Determination of the signal power-to-noise power ratio on the input and output of reception systems is essential to the estimation of their quality and signal reception capability. This issue is especially important in the case when both signal and noise have the same characteristic as Gaussian white noise. This article considers the problem of how a signal-to-noise ratio is changed as a result of signal processing in the correlation receiver of a noise radar in order to determine the ability to detect weak features in the presence of strong clutter-type interference. These studies concern both theoretical analysis and practical measurements of a noise radar with a digital correlation receiver for 9.2 GHz bandwidth. Firstly, signals participating individually in the correlation process are defined and the terms signal and interference are ascribed to them. Further studies show that it is possible to distinguish a signal and a noise on the input and output of a correlation receiver, respectively, when all the considered noises are in the form of white noise. Considering the above, a measurement system is designed in which it is possible to represent the actual conditions of noise radar operation and power measurement of a useful noise signal and interference noise signals—in particular the power of an internal leakage signal between a transmitter and a receiver of the noise radar. The proposed measurement stands and the obtained results show that it is possible to optimize with the use of the equipment and not with the complex processing of a noise signal. The radar parameters depend on its prospective application, such as short- and medium-range radar, ground-penetrating radar, and through-the-wall detection radar.

FPGA-based signal correlators

This article presents some issues of correlative signal processing using field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). At first, the noise signal is briefly described. Second, an overview of some existing implementations is made. Preliminary results of own implementation are presented as a third.