Waldomiro Barioni Júnior

Efeitos da queima na dinâmica da biomassa aérea de um campo nativo no Pantanal

Resumo – O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da queima na dinâmica da biomassa aerea do estrato herbaceo de um campo nativo do Pantanal com predominância de Andropogon bicornis. A area de estudo foi submetida aos tratamentos sem queima e com queima, ambos sem pastejo. Os dados de biomassa aerea e cobertura do solo foram analisados nos onze meses subsequentes a queima. A biomassa aerea das areas com queima apresentou pequeno incremento linear de materia seca, tornando sua biomassa significativamente menor que a obtida nas areas sem queima. Andropogon bicornis, Axonopus purpusii e outras especies apresentaram menor biomassa apos a queima, enquanto Mesosetum chaseae foi favorecido pela queima, apresentando maior producao de materia seca. A acao do fogo removeu praticamente toda a biomassa; a cobertura do solo, trinta dias apos a queima, foi de aproximadamente 35%. Somente sete meses depois, a cobertura do solo foi restabelecida, tornando-se semelhante a area sem queima. Effects of burning on the aerial biomass dynamics of a native field in the Pantanal

Composição e dinâmica da biomassa aérea após a queima em savana gramíneo-lenhosa no Pantanal

The purpose of this work was to evaluate composition and aerial biomass dynamics after burning of a grassy-woody savanna in the Pantanal wetlands, Brazil. During 11 months, data on species frequency, aerial biomass and soil cover were collected in an area with burning (WB) and another free of burning (FB), both not grazed. Burning reduced the frequency of the most predominant grasses and increased the number of dicotyledons and cyperaceae species. The production of total aerial biomass was lower in the WB area, despite an increase tendency that was similar in both areas. Litter production was strongly affected by burnings. After 11 months its production was approximately 25% of the production exhibited by the FB area. Soil cover was also lower in the WB and only after four months it was similar to the FB area.

Linfadenite granulomatosa em suínos: linfonodos afetados e diagnóstico patológico da infecção causada por agentes do Complexo Mycobacterium avium

A study to evaluate the distribution of granulomatous lesions in the lymph nodes of swine carcasses was accomplished. The main objective was to compare the methods of isolation of mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC), Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the diagnosis of granulomatous lymphadenitis caused by MAC. A total of 431 samples of lymph nodes from 394 swine carcasses kept in 12 cold storage rooms of southern Brazil, which had the Service of Federal Inspection (SFI), were analyzed. Lymph nodes with granulomatous lesions were submitted to histological examination, ZN staining and IHC with monoclonal antibody produced with cellular extract of M. avium. The agreement between the exams was measured by the Kappa test at a 95% confidence level. The macrocospic examination done by SFI correctly identified 90.3% of granulomatous lesions, when compared with histological examination, and the majority of carcasses (92.5%) showed the lesions only in lymph nodes of the alimentary chain. Histological examination confirmed the presence of granulomatous lesions in 90.3% of the lymph nodes. The agreements between histological examination, ZN staining (Kappa: 0.342), IHC and the isolation of MAC (Kappa: 0.102) were low, however high between IHC and histology with typical presence of granulomas in the lymph nodes (Kappa: 0.973). IHC together with histological examination revealed to be efficient for identification of the granulomatous lymphadenitis caused by MAC.

Biomassa aérea e produção primária do estrato herbáceo em campo de Elyonurus muticus submetido à queima anual, no Pantanal

This work was conducted in a native grassland of the Pantanal, locally called caronal due to the dominance of Elyonurus muticus. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of annual burnings of caronal on the cumulative aerial biomass, aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of herbaceous communities and soil cover. Monthly data of cumulative aerial biomass were collected during two years in an area which was burned in September/95 and in August/96, and in another area which was free of burning. ANPPxa0was estimated through differences between aerial live biomass gathered monthly. Annual burnings reduced cumulative aerial biomass about 36% in the first year and 50% in the secondxa0year. There was a tendency of reduction of cumulative aerial biomass with repetition of the burnings. Thexa0ANPP herbaceous communities in the areas free of burning and with burnings were 3,850xa0kg/ha and 4,980xa0kg/ha, in the first year, and 5,090xa0kg/ha and 2,880xa0kg/ha in the second, respectively. Thirty days after burning, the soil cover was about 30% and only four to six months after burning it was re-established as the area free ofxa0burning.

Fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de sarna sarcóptica e prevalência em suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação, na região Sul do Brasil

An observational epidemiological research was carried out in 64 swine herds in the South region of Brazil. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and also to identify the set of risk factors that best explain the occurrence of mange during the growing and finishing phases in swine operations. A protocol was applied enclosing variable of the ecosystem in intensive swine operation. The data were analyzed by multiple correspondence analyses identifying ten variables associated with the occurrence of mange: area less then 0.85m2/pig; air volume less then 3.0m3/pig, handling of building in the continuous system; air humidity less then 60% or greater then 70%; use of mashed meal and offered add libitum with use of ration with composition is different of the recommendations techniques; excess of flies in building and occurrence of other illness presented in the group of pigs. These variables are shown in a map allowing to visualize the factors associated with group of pigs of low, average and high prevalence of mange. Of the 3.948 pigs examined in the slaughter plant, 16.64% had presented erythematous papules dermatitis in the skin indicative of mange.

Aerial biomass and primary production of herbaceous communities in a native grassland of Elyonurus muticus under annual burnings in the Pantanal, Brazil

This work was conducted in a native grassland of the Pantanal, locally called caronal due to the dominance of Elyonurus muticus. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of annual burnings of caronal on the cumulative aerial biomass, aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of herbaceous communities and soil cover. Monthly data of cumulative aerial biomass were collected during two years in an area which was burned in September/95 and in August/96, and in another area which was free of burning. ANPPxa0was estimated through differences between aerial live biomass gathered monthly. Annual burnings reduced cumulative aerial biomass about 36% in the first year and 50% in the secondxa0year. There was a tendency of reduction of cumulative aerial biomass with repetition of the burnings. Thexa0ANPP herbaceous communities in the areas free of burning and with burnings were 3,850xa0kg/ha and 4,980xa0kg/ha, in the first year, and 5,090xa0kg/ha and 2,880xa0kg/ha in the second, respectively. Thirty days after burning, the soil cover was about 30% and only four to six months after burning it was re-established as the area free ofxa0burning.