Waleed Omar

Treatment of anal fistulas by partial rectal wall advancement flap or mucosal advancement flap: A prospective randomized study

BACKGROUND High transphincteric perianal fistula represents a technical challenge for surgical management. We compared the effects of partial rectal wall advancement flap versus the mucosal advancement flap in the treatment of high transphincteric perianal fistula in a randomized study in patients with anal fistula. PATIENTS AND METHOD Consecutive patients treated for transphincteric anal fistula at our institution were evaluated for inclusion. Participants were randomly allocated to receive Group I: Fistulectomy, closure of internal sphincter and rectal advancement flap includes mucosa, submucosa, and circular muscle layer sutured 1 cm below the level of internal opening or Group II: The same as group one but the flap includes only mucosa and submucosa. Study variables included fistula closure rate, continence, morbidity, postoperative pain, hospital stay and quality of life. RESULTS Forty patients with high transphincteric perianal fistula were randomized and completed the study. Operative time was 31.6 +/- 6.8 min in group I, and 29.4 +/- 4.7 min in group II (P = 0.783). Hospital stay was significantly more in group 2 (96.35 +/- 9.5 vs. 105.8 +/- 13.23) (P = 0.014) Immediate postoperative complications, occurred in one patients (5%) exposed to disruption in group I and 6 patients (30%) in group II. Recurrence occurred in 2 patients (10%) in the group I and 8 patients (40%) in group II. Two patients (10%) in group I developed incontinence for flatus and no patients in the group II develop such complication. CONCLUSION Partial thickness advancement flap is better than mucosal advancement flap.

Clinical Impacts of Oral Gastrografin Follow-Through in Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO)

BACKGROUND Many studies have shown that gastrografin can be used for diagnosis of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) and for assessing the need for surgical intervention. However, several studies have reported conflicting results. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic effect of gastrografin in ASBO. PATIENTS AND METHODS Altogether, 110 patients with ASBO were randomized into control and gastrografin groups. In the gastrografin group, 100 mL of the dye was administered through a nasogastric tube. Obstruction was considered complete if the contrast failed to reach the colon on the 24-h film. Patients with gastrografin in the colon within 24 h after dye administration were considered as partially obstructed, and were submitted to nonoperative treatment. The patients were operated on if they developed signs of strangulation or failed to improve within 48 h. RESULTS The overall operative rate was 14.5% in gastrografin group versus 34.5% in control group, P=0.04. The time from admission to resolution of symptoms was significantly lower in gastrografin group (19.5 versus 42.6 h, P=0.001), and the length of hospital stay was shorter in gastrografin group (3.8 versus 6.9 d 0.002), and in nonoperative patients (3.1 versus 5.1 days). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for gastrografin follow-through as an indicator for operative treatment of ASBO were 87.5%, 100%, 100 % , and 97.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Oral gastrografin helps in the management of ASBO. Oral gastrografin is safe and reduces the operative rate and time of resolution as well as hospital stay.

Comparative study between Delorme operation with or without postanal repair and levateroplasty in treatment of complete rectal prolapse

BACKGROUND Rectal prolapse is a distressing and socially disabling condition. controversy exists regarding the preferred surgical technique for the treatment of complete rectal prolapse. OBJECTIVE We compared Delorme operation alone or with postanal repair and levatroplasty in treating complete rectal prolapse. METHODS Consecutive patients treated for rectal prolapse at our colorectal unit were evaluated for inclusion. Participants were randomly allocated to receive Delorme operation only (GI), or Delorme operation with postanal repair and levatorplasty (GII). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was recurrence rate; secondary outcomes included improvement of constipation, incontinence, operative time, anal manometery and postoperative complications. RESULTS Eighty-two consecutive patients with rectal prolapse were randomized. There was a significant difference between the two groups with longer operative time in group II. Recurrence rate after one year was (14.28% in GI, and 2.43% in GII, respectively (P = 0.043). Constipation improved in group I & II but there was a significant difference in constipation scores postoperatively between the two groups. There was improvement in continence mechanism in both groups postoperatively but being higher in group II and this produce a significant statistical difference (0.004). Mean satisfaction score was significantly higher in group II than group I. Both groups succeed to produce a significant change in resting and squeeze pressure before & after the operation. CONCLUSIONS Delorme operation seems to be an effective procedure for treating complete rectal prolapse especially if combined with postanal repair and levatorplasty. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01656369.

Transanal repair for treatment of rectocele in obstructed defaecation: manual or stapled.

Aim  Our aim is to evaluate the results of transanal repair of rectocele, either manual or stapled, considering the anatomic, manometric and symptomatic improvement.

Regenerated oxidized cellulose reinforcement of low rectal anastomosis: do we still need diversion?

PURPOSE The leak rate after low anterior resection is in the region of 10% to 15%. The highest risks of anastomotic leak are in anastomoses less than 5 cm from the anal verge. We evaluated the outcome of oxidized regenerated cellulose reinforcement of low rectal anastomosis. METHODS The study group consisted of 108 patients with rectal cancer. Patients with low rectal cancer had low anterior resection with stapled straight low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis without proximal diversion. They were prospectively randomized to either oxidized regenerated cellulose reinforcement or no reinforcement. Data collected included age, sex, hemoglobin percentage, albumin level, histopathologic type of the tumor, anastomotic leak, and stricture. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 56 years, and sex was matched in both groups. Clinical leak occurred in 6 of 38 cases (15.7%) in the group that did not undergo reinforcement versus 2 of 33 (6.1%) in the oxidized regenerated cellulose reinforcement group (P < .01). In the case of a leak, diversion was needed in 3 of 6 patients in the group that did not undergo reinforcement vs no patients in the oxidized regenerated cellulose reinforcement group (P = .05). Generalized peritonitis occurred in 3 patients in the group that did not undergo reinforcement versus no patients in the oxidized regenerated cellulose reinforcement group (P < .01). Length of stay was 4.8 days in the oxidized regenerated cellulose reinforcement group versus 5.9 days in the group that did not undergo reinforcement (P = .047), with no mortalities in either group. CONCLUSION Oxidized regenerated cellulose reinforcement of low rectal anastomosis significantly decreases the risk of postoperative leak in low rectal anastomosis and may reduce the requirement for proximal diversion. Potential benefits include avoidance of a stoma, lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and a lower cost of care.

Laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy versus Delorme's operation in management of complete rectal prolapse: a prospective randomized study

Various surgical operations have been devised for the treatment of rectal prolapse, yet no ideal procedure has been described. The present study aims to compare the clinical and functional outcome of laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR) and Delormes operation for complete rectal prolapse.

Indications for and outcome of primary repair compared with faecal diversion in the management of traumatic colon injury

Injuries of the colon are a serious sequel of abdominal trauma owing to the associated morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess postoperative outcome and complications of faecal diversion and primary repair of colon injuries when applied according to established guidelines for the management of colon injuries.

Evaluation of anatomical and functional results of overlapping anal sphincter repair with or without the injection of bone marrow aspirate concentrate: a case-control study

Overlapping anal sphincter repair (OASR) is used for treatment of faecal incontinence due to an external anal sphincter (EAS) defect; however, it is not the optimal treatment as its functional results tend to deteriorate significantly with time. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of local injection of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) on the outcome of OASR.

Is it safe to omit neoadjuvant chemo-radiation in mucinous rectal carcinoma?

BACKGROUND Purpose was to compare the oncologic outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCXRT) versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy (pCXRT) for locally advanced mucinous rectal carcinoma (MRC) having curative total mesorectal excision (TME). METHODS One hundred and two patients with MRC (T3-4 and/or N1-2) of middle and lower third rectum were included. Patients were non-randomly divided into 2 groups: Group A (N = 61) had nCXRT followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) after 8-11 weeks and Group B (N = 41) had TME followed by pCXRT. Primary end points were disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were tumor regression grade (TRG) and morbidity. RESULTS In group A, 29 patients had partial response after nCXRT, 26 patients showed no change and 6 patients had progression. TME was done in 55 patients in group A and 41 patients in group B. Six patients in group A turned to be unresectable after nCXRT due to progressive disease. Mean follow-up was 53 months. In patients received TME, Four-year DFS was higher in group A compared to group B yet not statistically significant (DFS 0.69 [95% CI 0.54-0.85] vs. 0.67 [95% CI 0.47-0.87]; P = 0.39). However, actuarial 4 years OS was comparable in both groups (0.72 [95% CI 0.59-0.91] vs. 0.70 [95% CI 0.55-0.88]; P = 0.46 in groups A and B respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that age <40, and N2 were risk factors of recurrence. CONCLUSION Whilst accepting that the numbers are small, there was no statistical difference in outcome (DFS and OS) between patients receiving pre- or post-operative chemo-radiotherapy. In most MRC patients, tumor regression is not significant after nCXRT and there is considerable possibility of tumor progression during nCXRT treatment. So, nCXRT should be used with close follow-up in MRC for early detection of possible tumor progression. If the patient cannot tolerate nCXRT, it is possibly safe to do surgery followed by pCXRT. Prospective study is needed to study the value of nCXRT in MRC.

Transperineal repair of third degree perineal tear and anterior rectocele with complete perineal body reconstruction – a video vignette

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