Waleed Saad

PROPOSED MAC PROTOCOL VERSUS IEEE 802.15.3A FOR MULTIMEDIA TRANSMISSION OVER UWB NETWORKS

In this paper, a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is proposed to investigate Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia traffic transmitted over Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) networks and increase the system capacity. This enhancement comes from using Wise Algorithm for Link Admission Control (WALAC) which has three suggested versions. The QoS of multimedia transmission is determined in terms of average delay, admission ratio, loss probability, utilization, and the network capacity. In addition, a new parameter is aroused for the network performance. Comparisons between the IEEE 802.15.3a protocol and the proposed one are done. The proposed protocol shows better results in both sparse and dense networks for real time traffic transmission.

Energy Efficient Intra Cluster Transmission in Grid Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Clustering based routing protocols have a pivotal role in wireless sensor networks (WSN) due to efficient energy consumption of limited power sensor node that is the prime challenge in WSN. Intra-cluster transmission and cluster size have great impact on balancing energy consumption within cluster and network. However, they play minor role in traditional routing protocols. In this paper, authors will offer mathematical analysis to provide judging metric that define energy efficient intra-cluster transmission. This metric is called threshold distance which is exploited in determining optimum cluster size. Based on the optimum cluster size, centralized energy aware grid clustering protocol (CEAG) will be proposed. Mat lab simulator will be utilized for appreciating the proposed protocol. The simulation results manifested that CEAG attains maximum network life tie and throughput in comparison with the existing protocols such as LEACH, K-LEACH, Energy-LEACH, DCHS and MOD-LEACH.

An efficient designed prototype technique for OFDM PAPR reduction using FPGA

In this paper, a proposed designed technique to reduce Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) value is done. This designed technique contains new block which is inserted in the OFDM system. This proposed block is applied to WiMAX system as an example of OFDM technology. Afterwards, several MATLAB programs are executed to discuss the behavior and the characteristics of this proposed block. In addition, the effect of its insertion on the original system is studied. Due to this insertion, 0 dB OFDM PAPR value can be achieved. Furthermore, it can be synthesized practically. This proposed system is implemented over Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The designed circuit is characterized by both its low complexity and its high speed. Moreover, it is portable circuit. This means that it can be implemented over any FPGA kit regardless of its technology.

Balanced and energy-efficient multi-hop techniques for routing in wireless sensor networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks, the power resources of the nodes are significantly restricted. Hence, a special treatment for their available energy is deeply required. In long distance transmission, Multi-Hop (MH) techniques are preferred. Although MH minimizes the amount of energy cost consumed by each node along the path but finding the optimal routing path between nodes is still very interesting issues. This paper proposes a Balanced and Energy Efficient MH (BEEMH) algorithm that is developed based on Dijkstra algorithm. It gives great interest to the residual energy of nodes; hence higher energy nodes are exclusively elected to work as relays. Moreover, the total energy consumption at both TX and RX has been merged to model the weight of links between nodes. Finally, Dijkstra algorithm is employed to efficiently search for the minimum cost path. Furthermore, two proposed MH protocols are introduced. Both are mainly based on the BEEMH algorithm. MATLAB simulator has been used to evaluate BEEMH in comparison with other conventional algorithms such as; minimum transmission energy (MTE), energy saving oriented least-hop routing algorithm (ESLHA), and energy saving-oriented routing algorithm based on Dijkstra (ESRAD) under various scenarios of network models. Then the performance of our proposed protocols is compared with the related MH protocols.

Proposed intermittent Cluster Head selection scheme for efficient energy consumption in WSNs

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), hierarchical clustering protocols such as Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) are more energy efficient than flat routing protocols. Due to the random selection of Cluster Heads (CHs), LEACH has some deficiencies. Either centralized approaches of clustering such LEACH-Centralized (LEACH-C) and Base-Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol (BCDCP) or Semi-distributed approaches such Away CH scheme-LEACH (ACH-LEACH) had been proposed to provide convenient CHs selection. Although they balance the energy consumption during the steady state phase, additional energy cost is required at the setup phase. In this paper, we propose Intermittent Cluster Head Selection (ICHS) protocol. It provides the benefits of centralized protocols without resorting to losing a lot of energy within CHs selection process. ICHS performance will be evaluated using MATLAB simulator. From simulation results, we can conclude that ICHS improves the survival capabilities of the nodes in comparison with other conventional protocols.

An Efficient Proposed MAC Protocol for M2M Networks

Machine to machine (M2M) communications refer to the technology that enables huge number of devices to be wired or wireless communication with each other’s. Neither the contention based medium access control (MAC) protocols nor the reservation based MAC protocols can provide a flexible, scalable solution for M2M networks. That is because of the huge number of communicating devices. In this paper, an efficient proposed MAC protocol for M2M networks is suggested. It is divided into three periods, namely the notification, the contention and the transmission periods. During the contention period, the contention is occurred with equal probabilities between the devices which have traffic to be sent. The non-persistent carrier sense multiple access protocol is selected for the contention strategy. In the notification period, the devices get information about the contention state. Furthermore, the transmission time slots location for the succeeded ones are announced. Finally, in the transmission period, the packets from each successful contended device are sent. This is done using time division multiple access (TDMA) strategy in the reserved time slot. Moreover, more than one device can transmit in one TDMA slot as long as the signal to interference plus noise ratio condition is not violated. In addition, the analytical analysis of the proposed MAC protocol is produced. Furthermore, extensive simulation programs are executed using MATLAB to measure the system performance. The system throughput, average delay time, and packet collision ratio are our performance metrics. Further, our MAC protocol outperforms other traditional ones.

Evaluation of Electromagnetic Interference in Wireless Broadband Systems

Nowadays, the electromagnetic compatibility in radio frequency communication systems attracts a great attention as the wireless spectrum becomes overcrowded. A lot of wireless systems operate in the same bands or in the adjacent frequency ones. This operation results in an electromagnetic interference (EMI) among these systems. This EMI can degrade the performance of the wireless systems. Moreover, critical medical equipment, which is near to an electromagnetic radiation field, may be malfunction. A lot of studies handled the EMI phenomenon in radio systems. These studies range from the definition and the causes of the phenomenon to the development of suitable simulation tools for evaluating the EMI value. This paper handles the effect of the EMI existence on the performance of a broadband communication system in a complex radio environment. Moreover, this performance is clarified in a form of bit error rate. In addition, the complex radio environment is modeled as a summation of noise, narrow band interference (NBI), and ultra wide band interference (UWBI). The complete analysis model of a broadband radio system, which is interfered by a NBI and an UWBI, is carried out. Furthermore, the total interfering power is derived in a novel closed form formula. Finally, the performance of the system is simulated.

Efficient Parameters for Compressed Sensing Recovery Algorithms

Abstract Compressed sensing CS has been an effective research area which it plays an efficient role in many applications such as cognitive radio, imaging, radar and many other applications. The main part of CS system is to recover an input signal by using minimum number of samples than used by conventional (Nyquist) sampling. In this paper, the minimum number of measurements and the number of sparsity level used to reconstruct the signal with minimum error, computational complexity and time will be optimized. Moreover, different recovery algorithms such as convex optimization, greedy algorithms, iterative hard thresholding and hard thresholding pursuit algorithms are used for optimal recovery of sparse signal from a small number of linear measurements. Furthermore, the effect of using CS as denosing will be investigated. Then comparisons study between CS as denoising and conventional denoising process will be made to reduce the effect of noise on the signal.

Implementation of efficient portable low delay adder using FPGA

No doubt that in this technological era the arithmetic circuit is the core of most all the Digital Signal Processing applications (DSP), especially adder circuits. In this paper, various types of adder circuits have been implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Furthermore, another architecture for adder called Carry Shifting Adder (CSHA) is proposed. This depends on shifting the carry to the next stage. Then its combined with a carry increment circuit to get a low delay. The goal of this paper is to efficiently carry out the proposed CSHA adder with carry increment circuit over FPGA kit. Simulations are done to find out the circuit area and delay. Also, this is compared with the related other adder circuits. The performance of this proposed adder circuit is better than other related ones in both area and delay.

Studying Optimal Design of Strict Fractional Frequency Reuse in OFDMA Cellular System

The key characteristic of a cellular network is the ability to reuse frequencies to increase both coverage and capacity. Fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is considered to be an efficient inter-cell interference coordination technique wellsuited for OFDMA based on wireless communication networks where the cells are partitioned into spatial regions with different frequency reuse factors. In this paper, evaluating strict FFR which represents a type of FFR deployments is presented with four different system models by changing the inner-cell shape for each model. System simulations are used to compare and evaluate the effect of changing the inner-cell shape based on strict FFR performance which performed using dense Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, the effects of some system model parameters are discussed.