Waleed Tariq Sethi

High gain and wide-band aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna with mounted horn integrated on FR4 for 60 Ghz communication systems

A multi-layer antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth for 60 GHz Millimeter wave (MMW) applications is presented. The proposed antenna is a combination of aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna with an integrated Horn mounted on FR-4 substrate. The maximum size of the proposed antenna is 7.14mm × 7.14mm × 4mm. The design is optimized by means of parametric-variation. Investigations are made on the physical parameters of the proposed design by optimization, in order to achieve wide band and high gain millimeter wave antenna structure. The S11 bandwidth of the optimized antenna is 8.3% (57.4-62.4 GHz). The maximum gain and directivity of the proposed antenna is 11.65 dBi and 12.51 dBi respectively. The estimated efficiency is 82%. The proposed antenna finds application in V-band communication systems.

Millimeter Wave Antenna with Mounted Horn Integrated on FR4 for 60 GHz Gbps Communication Systems

A compact high gain and wideband millimeter wave (MMW) antenna for 60 GHz communication systems is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a multilayer structure with an aperture coupled microstrip patch and a surface mounted horn integrated on FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna contributes impedance bandwidth of 8.3% (57.4–62.4 GHz). The overall antenna gain and directivity are about 11.65 dBi and 12.51 dBi, which make it suitable for MMW applications and short-range communications. The proposed antenna occupies an area of 7.14 mm × 7.14 mm × 4 mm. The estimated efficiency is 82%. The proposed antenna finds application in V-band communication systems.

High Gain and High Efficient Stacked Antenna Array with Integrated Horn for 60 GHz Communication Systems

In order to achieve wide bandwidth and high gain, we propose a stacked antenna structure having a microstrip aperture coupled feeding technique with a mounted Horn integrated on it. With optimized parameters, the single antenna element at a center frequency of 60 GHz, exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth of about 10.58% (58.9–65.25 GHz) with a gain and efficiency of 11.78 dB and 88%, respectively. For improving the gain, we designed a 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 arrays with a corporate feed network. The side lobe levels were minimized and the back radiations were reduced by making use of a reflector at distance from the corporate feed network. The array structure resulted in improved gain of 15.3 dB with efficiency of 83%, while the array structure provided further gain improvement of 18.07 dB with 68.3% efficiency. The proposed design is modelled in CST Microwave Studio. The results are verified using HFSS, which are found to be in good agreement.

Microstrip patch antenna array at 3.8 GHz for WiMax and UAV applications

This paper presents the design of a rectangular microstrip line-fed patch antenna array with a centre frequency of 3.8 GHz for WiMAX and Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) applications. A single element, 1×2 and 2×2 microstrip rectangular patch antennas were designed and simulated in Computer Simulation Tool (CST) Microwave Studio environment. The results of designed antennas were compared in terms of Return Loss (S11 parameters), bandwidth, directivity, gain and radiation pattern. Compared to traditional microstrip antennas the proposed array structure achieved a gain and directivity of 13.2 dB and 13.5 dBi respectively. The antenna was fabricated using Rogers Duroid RT-5880 substrate with a dielectric constant er of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.574 mm respectively. The array antennas were measured in the laboratory using Vector Network Analyser (VNA) and the results show good agreement with the array antenna simulation.

Nantenna for Standard 1550 nm Optical Communication Systems

Nanoscale transmission and reception technologies will play a vital role and be part of the next generation communication networks. This applies for all application fields including imaging, health, biosensing, civilian, and military communications. The detection of light frequency using nanooptical antennas may possibly become a good competitor to the semiconductor based photodetector because of the simplicity of integration, cost, and inherent capability to detect the phase and amplitude instead of power only. In this paper, authors propose simulated design of a hexagonal dielectric loaded nantenna (HDLN) and explore its potential benefits at the standard optical C-band (1550 nm). The proposed nantenna consists of “Ag-SiO2-Ag” structure, consisting of “Si” hexagonal dielectric with equal lengths fed by “Ag” nanostrip transmission line. The simulated nantenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3.7% (190.9 THz–198.1 THz) and a directivity of 8.6 dBi, at a center frequency of 193.5 THz, covering most of the ITU-T standard optical transmission window (C-band). The hexagonal dielectric nantenna produces modes and the wave propagation is found to be end-fire. The efficiency of the nantenna is proven via numerical expressions, thus making the proposed design viable for nanonetwork communications.

High gain stacked antenna array for 60 GHz communication systems

A high gain and wide band stacked antenna array, having a microstrip aperture coupled feeding technique with a mounted Horn integrated on it, is presented. With optimized parameters, the 2×2 antenna array at a center frequency of 60 GHz, exhibits an impedance bandwidth of about 10.58 % (58.9 - 65.25 GHz). With a corporate feed network, the 2×2 array structure resulted a gain of 15.3 dB with an efficiency of 83%. While the 4×4 array structure provided further gain improvement of 18.07dB with efficiency of 68.3%. The back radiations are reduced by making use of a reflector at λ/4 distance from the corporate feed network. The proposed design is modelled in CST Micro Wave Studio. The results are verified using HFSS, which are found to be in good agreement.

Demonstration of Millimeter Wave 5G Setup Employing High-Gain Vivaldi Array

We present a 4 × 4 slot-coupled Vivaldi antenna (SCVA) array unit cell, which offers wide bandwidth and high gain (~23 dBi) at the millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies of 28 GHz and 38 GHz. A single SCVA element is first presented, which has a bandwidth of 25–40 GHz with an average gain of ~13 dBi at the frequencies of interest. This antenna element is then used to design a 1 × 4 linear SCVA array matched to a 50 Ω impedance via a modified Wilkinson power divider (WPD). Next, the 1 × 4 linear array is used to construct a 4 × 4 antenna array unit cell. The proposed 4 × 4 antenna array unit cell is fabricated, and the characteristics of its elements (i.e., the single SCVA, 1 × 4 linear array, and WPD) are thoroughly investigated. Further, the 4 × 4 array is tested for signal reception of various digital modulation formats at lab environment using high-speed digital signal oscilloscope. In particular, a 2.5 Gbps data rate is successfully transmitted achieving receiver sensitivity of −50 dBm at 2 × 10−3 bit error rate (BER) for 32 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with a system baud rate of 500 MHz. The wide bandwidth and high gain along with the excellent performance of the proposed 4 × 4 antenna array unit cell makes it an excellent candidate for future 5G wireless communication applications.

State-of-the-Art Antenna Technology for Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs)

The cloud radio access network (C-RAN) is one of the most efficient, low-cost, and energy-efficient radio access techniques proposed as a potential candidate for the implementation of next-generation (NGN) mobile base stations (BSs). A high-performance C-RAN requires an exceptional broadband radio frequency (RF) front end that cannot be guaranteed without remarkable antenna elements. In response, we present state-of-theart antenna elements that are potential candidates for the implementation of the C-RAN’s RF front end. We present an overview of C-RAN technology and different types of planar antennas operating at the future proposed fifth-generation (5G) bands that may include the following: (i) ultra-wide band (UWB) (3–12 GHz), (ii) 28/38 GHz, and (iii) 60-GHz radio. Further, we propose different planar antennas suitable for the implementation of C-RAN systems. We design, simulate, and optimize the proposed antennas according to the desired specifications covering the required frequency bands. The key design parameters are calculated, analyzed, and discussed. In our research work, the proposed antennas are lightweight, low-cost, and easy to integrate with other microwave and millimeter-wave (MMW) circuits. We also consider different implementation strategies that can be helpful in the execution of large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)

1×2 Equilateral Triangular Dielectric Resonator Nantenna array for optical communication

In this paper, we explore the potential benefits of designing a dielectric resonator nantenna shaped in an equilateral triangular manner which is fed via a 1×2 corporate feed network. Utilizing full wave electromagnetic simulation software CST MWS, we demonstrated our proposed nantenna to work as a transceiver at optical C-band (1.55 µm) having a center frequency of 193.5 THz. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed nantenna exhibits an end-fire directional radiation pattern of 9.57 dB with a wide impedance bandwidth of 2.58 % (189 THz – 194 THz) covering the standard optical C-band transmission window. The proposed nantenna can be a viable candidate for applications used in nanophotonics, inter and intra network optical wireless communication devices, optical sensing and optical energy harvesting etc.

Design of dual polarized hybrid LTCC antenna for UWB RFID applications

In this paper, we present the simulated design of a dual-polarized H-shaped aperture-coupled microstrip antenna for ultra-wideband radio frequency identification (UWB-RFID) applications. The antenna has a compact design (30 × 30 × 6.9 mm3) with a hybrid structure. The feed portion is on a Ferro A6M low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate, while the square patches are deposited onto Rogers RT-5880 substrate layers. The antenna is designed to operate in the frequency range of 6–8 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves a dual-polarized broadside radiation pattern having a high gain of 7.71 dB. It also achieves a fractional bandwidth of 28.5% and a port isolation of more than −25 dB at the center frequency of 7 GHz.