Walkiria Hanada Viotto

Evaluation of culture media for counts of Bifidobacterium animalis in the presence of yoghurt bacteria

Much attention has been paid to the use of Bifidobacterium sp. in yoghurts due to their excellent therapeutic and nutritional properties. However, in order to present health properties, it is recommended that each commercial product should indicate the minimum daily amount required for it to confer health benefit(s) based on in vitro and human studies. Besides the inherent low growth of Bifidobacterium sp in milk, there is a need for a reliable method for counting Bifidobacterium sp in the presence of yoghurt bacteria. This study evaluated the use of the media M-MRS, MRS-NNLP and RCPB pH5 aimed at counting the number of Bifidobacterium animalis subesp. lactis in the presence of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus after yoghurt fermentation. The M-MRS medium was not selective, allowing for the growth of L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus. MRS-NNLP medium presented a good selectivity for B. animalis Bb12 with a slight reduction in the cell count of this microrganism when compared it to the standard MRS medium in pure culture. MRS-NNLP medium was considered a good option to enumerate B. animalis Bb12 although the reduction found in pure culture due to the low difference between the counts. The medium RCPB pH5 presented differentiated growth of B. animalis Bb12 in relation to the yoghurt bacteria and a cell recovery equal to that of the standard MRS, being considered the best option to enumerate Bifidobacterium sp in the presence of yoghurt bacteria.

Oxidative stability of yogurt with added lutein dye

This study evaluated the effect of adding lutein dye on the oxidative stability of yogurt during 35 d of refrigerated storage, in the presence and absence of light. Yogurts manufactured without and with the equivalent of 1.5mg of lutein in 120 g of the final product were characterized for their total carotenoid and riboflavin contents, and the behaviors of both riboflavin and lutein were monitored during storage. A decrease in riboflavin content occurred, with concurrent appearance of its derived-oxidation products in the yogurts without added lutein and exposed to light during storage. The yogurts with added lutein dye showed constant lutein and riboflavin contents throughout storage both for the samples stored under light and for those stored in the dark. Yogurts (120 g) with the addition of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5mg of lutein dye were evaluated for their sensory acceptance, and the statistical analysis showed no differences between the samples for the attributes of aroma and flavor. These results indicate that the added lutein remained stable throughout the storage period and conferred protection for the riboflavin against photooxidation, preserving the quality of the yogurts.

Evaluation of culture media for counts of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb 12in yoghurt after refrigerated storage

The agar RCPB pH5 has been considered a good alternative for counts of Bifidobacterium in yoghurt. However, during the refrigerated storage of yoghurt it is extremely difficult to count this microorganism due to the size of the colonies, which are so small they require the aid of a stereoscope to count them. Another agar, MRS-LP, has been also recommended for counts of Bifidobacterium in the presence of yoghurt bacteria. This study evaluated the supplementation of RCPB pH5 agar with dehydrated liver extract and the salts KH2PO4, K2HPO4, FeSO47H2O, MnSO4H2O and MgSO47H2O, aiming at improving the differentiation of Bifidobacterium in yoghurt after refrigerated storage, and also evaluated the selective count of Bifidobacterium in yoghurt using the agar MRS-LP. The agar MRS-LP presented the same cell recovery as non-fortified RCPB pH5 agar, used as a standard medium, thus being considered a good option for counts of Bifidobacterium in yoghurt. The fortified RCPB pH5 also presented the same recovery as the standard RCPB pH5 medium, however, the addition of dehydrated liver extract to the RCPB pH5 agar considerably increased the size of the Bifidobacterium colonies after refrigerated storage, making differentiation of the colonies much easier and reliable when compared to the standard non-fortified RPCP pH5. The addition of the salts (KH2PO4, K2HPO4, FeSO47H2O, MnSO4H2O and MgSO47H2O) had no influence on the performance of the RCPB pH5 agar.

Transference of lutein during cheese making, color stability, and sensory acceptance of Prato cheese.

The consumption of lutein is associated with the prevention and reduction of age-related macular degeneration. Its incorporation into Prato cheese as a yellowish food coloring is a valid alternative to increase the daily intake of this compound. However, part of the lutein added may be lost in the whey during the cheese making, or it can be degraded by light during storage, resulting in color changes reducing the sensory acceptance of the cheese. The objectives of this study were to determine the transference of the lutein (dye), added to the milk, in the whey, and cheese, to evaluate the effect of the lutein addition, light exposure, and storage time on the cheese color, and to verify the sensory acceptance of Prato cheese with addition of lutein. The lutein recovery of cheese was 95.25%. Color saturation (chrome) increased during storage time resulting in a cheese with more intense color, but there were no changes in the hue of the cheese. Adjusting the amount of lutein added to Prato cheese may lead to greater acceptance. The high recovery of lutein in the cheese and the fact that the hue remained unchanged during storage under light showed that the incorporation of lutein into Prato cheese is feasible from a technical point of view.

Seleção e treinamento de julgadores para avaliação do gosto amargo em queijo prato

SUMMARY SELECTION AND SCREENING OF A DESCRITIVE PANEL FOR EVALUATION OF BITTER TASTE IN BRAZILIAN PRATO CHEESE. The bitter taste defect in Brazilian prato cheese was evaluated by sensorial tests, using a panel of 6 selected and trained panelists. A procedure for the sample preparation was proposed and a determination of bitter taste intensity in cheese was performed. Cheese samples with thickness of 1.25 cm were immersed in caffeine solutions, at a range of 0 to 0,28% (p/v) for 12 hours at 5oC, and dried for 24 hours at the same temperature. The judges’ selection was achieved by triangular test and Wald sequential analysis. Ranking tests and 9 cm non structured scale was used for judges’ training and the results were evaluated by Friedman test, analysis of variance, and test averages according to Tukey at a level of 5% probability. The bitter taste was detected in different samples, and the samples with highest intensity obtained a score of 5.89±1.86, which corresponds to the sensation produced by cheese samples immersed in caffeine 0.07 % (p/v). The results showed that the immersion of sample cheese in caffeine solution was an adequate procedure to detect the bitter taste in Brazilian prato cheese.

Caracterização físico-química, reológica e sensorial de queijos tipo Prato com teor reduzido de gordura

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar 3 marcas diferentes de queijos tipo Prato com teor reduzido de gordura, comercializados em Campinas - SP, quanto a sua composicao, proteolise, capacidade de derretimento, propriedades reologicas e aceitacao sensorial. Nao houve diferenca significativa (p > 0,05) na composicao dos queijos. A extensao e a profundidade de proteolise foram significativamente maiores (p < 0,05) ao final de 60 dias de armazenamento refrigerado para o queijo da marca B. Os queijos das marcas A e C se apresentaram menos macios e mais elasticos ao final de 60 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. Nos testes de aceitacao sensorial, o queijo da marca B obteve notas significativamente mais altas (p < 0,05) para os atributos sabor e impressao global, sendo que 70% dos consumidores certamente ou provavelmente comprariam esse queijo.

Efeito do fator de concentração do retentado na composição e proteólise de queijo minas frescal de baixo teor de gordura fabricado por ultrafiltração

The effect of milk concentration by ultrafiltration on the chemical composition and proteolysis of low fat Minas Frescal cheese during refrigerated storage was determined. Three batches of cheese were made in one day using milk concentrated by ultrafiltration at three different concentration factors (CF): 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. Cheese making was replicated on a different day. Protein breakdown, as well as pH and titratable acidity changes, were monitored during cheese storage for 2, 10, 20 and 30 days. It was observed that pH decreased with time, while titratable acidity and protein breakdown increased. The different concentration factors tested did not significantly change cheese composition and proteolysis, which means that the inclusion of whey proteins did not inhibit rennet proteolytic activity as expected. This leads us to believe that potential advantages associated with the use of ultrafiltration retentates in cheesemaking were compensated by negative effects related to the high humidity level of low fat cheese made from ultrafiltration retentates. Consequently, the shelf-life of this typically Brazilian cheese was lower than that of cheese made by conventional procedures.

FABRICAÇÃO DE QUEIJO PETIT SUISSE POR ULTRAFILTRAÇÃO DE LEITE COAGULADO: EFEITO DO TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO DO LEITE NO DESEMPENHO DA MEMBRANA

Coagulated skim milk was ultrafiltered in ceramic tubular membrane with cut off 0.08mm with the objective of evaluating the influence of different milk heat treatments on permeate flux, on protein retention coefficient, on calcium retention coefficient and on protein yield during the petit suisse cheese process. Heat treatment of milk was 85°C/30min and 72°C/15sec. No differences in the retention of protein and calcium, nor in the protein yield due to heat treatment of milk, were observed. A significant increase in permeate flux was observed when the milk was heated to 72°C/15sec. The most intense heat treatment could result in a higher attraction between the casein micelles and between the micelles and the membrane surface, increasing the protein adsorption on the membrane surface and, consequently, reducing the permeate flux. Denaturated a-lactoalbumin and b-lactoglobulin may have plugged the membrane pores, which would also help to increase fouling.

Efeito do uso de cultura adjunta (Lactobacillus helveticus) na proteólise, propriedades viscoelásticas e aceitação sensorial de queijo prato light

Proteolysis, viscoelastic properties and sensory acceptance of reduced fat Prato cheeses made with and without adjunt culture (AC) were evaluated. The cheeses were made from microfiltered milk. Two different treatments were replicated twice: control cheese was made only with traditional starter, while the other was made with the addition of both AC (Lactobacillus helveticus) and traditional starter. Cheese composition was determined after 5 days of manufacture. Proteolysis and rheological properties were evaluated after 5, 25 and 45 days. Viscoelastic parameters were obtained using relaxation tests. Cheese sensory properties were evaluated using acceptability tests. There was no statistical difference (p>0,05) in cheese composition. The proteolysis depth indexes were significantly higher (p 0.05) in viscoelastic parameters for cheeses made with and without AC. Sensory acceptability tests indicated significant difference (p<0.05) between samples for flavor, texture and global impression. Cheese made with AC was better graded than cheese made only with starter. Buying intention grades showed that 70% consumers would certainly or probably buy cheese made with AC, while only 43.4% would behave the same with control cheese.

Desenvolvimento e validação de método espectrofotométrico para determinação de corante à base de luteína adicionado em iogurte desnatado

A simple analytical method for extraction and quantification of lutein colorant added to yogurt was developed and validated. The method allowed complete extraction of carotenoids using tetrahydrofuran in vortex, followed by centrifugation, partition to diethyl ether/petroleum ether, and drying. The carotenoids dissolved in ethanol were quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. This method showed linearity in the range tested (1.41-13.42 µg g-1), limits of detection and quantification of 0.42 and 1.28 µg g-1, respectively, low relative standard deviation (3.4%) and recovery ranging from 95 to 103%. The method proved reliable for quantification of lutein added to yogurt.