Walter Winter

Simulation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments with GLoBES (General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator)

A skid control system for a vehicle having at least one wheel and a brake for the wheel includes a wheel speed detector for providing an output signal representative of the speed of the wheel; differentiater for differentiating the output signal of the wheel speed detector and providing an output signal representative of acceleration or deceleration of the wheel; a deceleration signal generator connected to the differentiater, the deceleration signal generator generating a deceleration signal when the output signal of the differentiater exceeds a predetermined threshold deceleration; an acceleration signal generator connected to the differentiater, the acceleration signal generator generating an acceleration signal when the output signal of the differentiater exceeds a predetermined threshold acceleration; a brake relieving circuit for decreasing the brake pressure to the brake for the wheel in response to the deceleration signal of the deceleration signal generator; a first brake control circuit for maintaining the brake pressure to the brake for the wheel constant, or gradually increasing the brake pressure to the brake for the wheel, in response to the acceleration signal of the acceleration signal generator; and a second brake control circuit for rapidly increasing the brake pressure to the brake for the wheel for a predetermined time in accordance with the slope of the output signal of the differentiator within the time when the acceleration signal generator generates the acceleration signal.

New features in the simulation of neutrino oscillation experiments with GLoBES 3.0: (General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator)

Rubber, hydrocarbons, i.e., resins, and other useful by-products are extracted, recovered and isolated from shrubs such as guayule and guayule-like shrubs by a procedure wherein the entire non-defoliated shrub, after being comminuted, is processed in an aqueous and/or a non-aqueous system. An optional water treatment step can be used to remove water solubles and/or facilitate processing and achieve increased yield of desired by-products.

Physics at a future Neutrino Factory and super-beam facility

The conclusions of the Physics Working Group of the International Scoping Study of a future Neutrino Factory and super-beam facility (the ISS) are presented. The ISS was carried out by the international community between NuFact05, (the 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Super-beams, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Rome, 21–26 June 2005) and NuFact06 (Ivine, CA, 24–30 August 2006). The physics case for an extensive experimental programme to understand the properties of the neutrino is presented and the role of high-precision measurements of neutrino oscillations within this programme is discussed in detail. The performance of second-generation super-beam experiments, beta-beam facilities and the Neutrino Factory are evaluated and a quantitative comparison of the discovery potential of the three classes of facility is presented. High-precision studies of the properties of the muon are complementary to the study of neutrino oscillations. The Neutrino Factory has the potential to provide extremely intense muon beams and the physics potential of such beams is discussed in the final section of the report.The conclusions of the Physics Working Group of the International Scoping Study of a future Neutrino Factory and super-beam facility (the ISS) are presented. The ISS was carried out by the international community between NuFact05, (the 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Rome, June 21-26, 2005) and NuFact06 (Irvine, California, 2430 August 2006). The physics case for an extensive experimental programme to understand the properties of the neutrino is presented and the role of high-precision measurements of neutrino oscillations within this programme is discussed in detail. The performance of second generation super-beam experiments, beta-beam facilities, and the Neutrino Factory are evaluated and a quantitative comparison of the discovery potential of the three classes of facility is presented. High-precision studies of the properties of the muon are complementary to the study of neutrino oscillations. The Neutrino Factory has the potential to provide extremely intense muon beams and the physics potential of such beams is discussed in the final section of the report. The ISS Physics Working Group Editors: S.F. King1, K. Long2, Y. Nagashima3, B.L. Roberts4, and O. Yasuda5.

Superbeams vs. neutrino factories

We compare the physics potential of planned superbeams with the one of neutrino factories. Therefore, the experimental setups as well as the most relevant uncertainties and errors are considered on the same footing as much as possible. We use an improved analysis including the full parameter correlations, as well as statistical, systematical, and degeneracy errors. Especially, degeneracies have so far not been taken into account in a numerical analysis. We furthermore include external input, such as improved knowledge of the solar oscillation parameters from the KamLAND experiment. This allows us to determine the limiting uncertainties in all cases. For a specific comparison, we choose two representatives of each class: For the superbeam, we take the first conceivable setup, namely the JHF to SuperKamiokande experiment, as well as, on a longer time scale, the JHF to HyperKamiokande experiment. For the neutrino factory, we choose an initially conceivable setup and an advanced machine. We determine the potential to measure the small mixing angle sin^2 2 theta_{13}, the sign of Delta m^2_{31}, and the leptonic CP phase

First hint for CP violation in neutrino oscillations from upcoming superbeam and reactor experiments

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Reactor neutrino experiments compared to superbeams

, which also implies that we compare the limitations of the different setups. We find interesting results, such as the complete loss of the sensitivity to the sign of Delta m^2_{31} due to degeneracies in many cases.

Prospects of accelerator and reactor neutrino oscillation experiments for the coming ten years

We compare the physics potential of the upcoming neutrino oscillation experiments Daya Bay, Double Chooz, NOνA, RENO, and T2K based on their anticipated nominal luminosities and schedules. After discussing the sensitivity to θ13 and the leading atmospheric parameters, we demonstrate that leptonic CP violation will hardly be measurable without upgrades of the T2K and NOνA proton drivers, even if θ13 is large. In the presence of the proton drivers, the fast track to hints for CP violation requires communication between the T2K and NOνA collaborations in terms of a mutual synchronization of their neutrino-antineutrino run plans. Even in that case, upgrades will only discover CP violation in a relatively small part of the parameter space at the 3σ confidence level, while 90% confidence level hints will most likely be obtained. Therefore, we conclude that a new facility will be required if the goal is to obtain a significant result with high probability.

OSCILLATION PHYSICS WITH A NEUTRINO FACTORY

Abstract We present a detailed quantitative discussion of the measurement of the leptonic mixing angle sin 2 2 θ 13 with a future reactor neutrino oscillation experiment consisting of a near and far detector. We perform a thorough analysis of the impact of various systematical errors and compare the resulting physics potential to the one of planned first-generation superbeam experiments. Furthermore, we investigate the complementarity of both types of experiments. We find that, under realistic assumptions, a determination of sin 2 2 θ 13 down to 10 −2 is possible with reactor experiments. They are thus highly competitive to first-generation superbeams and may be able to test sin 2 2 θ 13 on shorter timescales. In addition, we find that the combination of a KamLAND-size reactor experiment with one or two superbeams could substantially improve the ability to access the neutrino mass hierarchy or the leptonic CP phase.

Neutrino emission from gamma-ray burst fireballs, revised.

We analyze the physics potential of long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments planned for the coming ten years, where the main focus is the sensitivity limit to the small mixing angle �13. The discussed experiments include the conventional beam experiments MINOS, ICARUS, and OPERA, which are under construction, the planned superbeam experiments J-PARC to Super-Kamiokande and NuMI off-axis, as well as new reactor experiments with near and far detectors, represented by the Double-Chooz project. We perform a complete numerical simulation including systematics, correlations, and degeneracies on an equal footing for all experiments using the GLoBES software. After discussing the improvement of our knowledge on the atmospheric pa

Systematic study of the d=5 Weinberg operator at one-loop order

A generation of neutrino experiments have established that neutrinos mix and probably have mass. The mixing phenomenon points to processes beyond those of the Standard Model, possibly at the Grand Unification energy scale. A extensive sequence of of experiments will be required to measure precisely all the parameters of the neutrino mixing matrix, culminating with the discovery and study of leptonic CP violation. As a first step, extensions of conventional pion/kaon decay beams, such as off-axis beams or low-energy super-beams, have been considered. These could yield first observations of