Wanglok Lee

Effects of Moderate Exercise Training on Splenocyte Inflammatory Cytokine Production in High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice

The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of moderate exercise training on splenocyte inflammatory cytokines production in high fat diet-induced obese mice. To determine the effects of exercise training and low fat diet on splenocyte, C57BL/6 male mice (4 weeks aged, n

Effect of High-fat Diet on Peritoneal Macrophage Immunocompetence in C57/BL6 Mice

This study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet on macrophage immunocompetence in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 male mice (4 weeks aged, n=16) were divided into two groups. HD groups fed high-fat diet (45% of fat) and ND groups fed chow diet (10% of fat). Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from each mouse intra-peritoneal by sterile lavage method. Macrophage were stimulated with 1 μg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hr. Body weight was significantly increased by high-fat diet. Macrophage phagocytosis of HD was significantly lower than that of ND. After 24 hr of LPS stimulation, NO, IL-1β and IFN-γ production of HD were significantly lower than those of ND. There were no significant differences in the production of TNF-α and IL-12 between HD and ND. These findings suggest that high fat diet-induced obesity is associated with decreased Immunocompetence and antigen-stimulated sensitivity of peritoneal macrophage, and lower production of NO, IL-1β and IFN-γ may contribute to these changes.

Effects of 3D Compression Pants and Kinesio Taping on Isokinetic Muscular Function of Leg During Knee Joint Flexion Motion

This study determines the effect of 3D compression pants and Kinesio taping on muscular function of the leg during knee joint flexion and extension. Eight males participated in the experiment, wearing basic pants (BP), Kinesio taping on bare skin (KT), 3D compression pants with (KTP) and without Kinesio taping (CP). The test protocol for isokinetic muscular function was composed of four sets at three angular velocities (60, 180, 240 o /sec) using Cybex 660. Peak torque and work per repetition of the lower limbs of eight males were analyzed from the result of Cybex. Agility and power of the subjects were examined from side step and sergeant jump. Peak torque, average power, work per repetition, force decay time of subjects wearing CP and KTP were significantly better than BP or KT, especially at low angular velocity of 60 o /sec. The time to generate peak torque of subjects wearing BP was the longest, while the force-decay time of BP was the shortest. The application of Kinesio tape on skin did not increase muscle peak torque, work and power, but did shorten the time to generate peak torque.

Regular Endurance Exercise Decreases Blood Pressure via Enhancement of Angiogenesis and VEGF Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

This study investigated the effect of endurance exercises on blood pressure, angiogenesis, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the skeletal muscle of spontaneously hypertensiverats (SHR). Five week old SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomly divided into 3 groups: Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n=9), SHR control (SHR-C, n=9), and SHR endurance exercise training (SHR-E, n=9). Endurance exercise training was performed on a treadmill (12-20 m/min, 0% grade, 60 min/day, 5 days/week, 16 weeks). Systolic blood pressure was monitored with the tail-cuff method. The expression of VEGF protein and capillary density were identified using western blotting and H&E staining in the soleus muscle, respectively. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by endurance exercise in SHR (p<0.05). The capillary density of skeletal muscles in SHR-C was lower than in WKY (p<0.05), but it was recovered by endurance exercise training (SHR-E) compared to SHR-C (p<0.05), and VEGF protein was also increased by endurance exercise training compared to SHR-C (p<0.05). These data suggest that the enhancement of capillary density via an increase of VEGF expression in skeletal muscles by endurance exercise training could be an important factor to inhibit blood pressure elevation in SHR.

96 Exercise reduces viral burden and enhances innate and adaptive immune responses to influenza infection in aged mice

of confounding factors, including the patient s medical condition. Thus, the goal of the present study was to examine whether a relatively stable marker of chronic inflammation, circulating levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), was associated with cognitive function in a community sample of 480 healthy adults aged 30–54 years (mean = 45). Participants (228 male; 81.5% Caucasian, 18.5% African-American) were enrolled in the Adult Health and Behavior (AHAB) project, an ongoing study of cardiovascular risk. All participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. After controlling for age, sex, race, current smoking, and years of education, levels of circulating IL-6 were inversely associated with short-term spatial memory and flexibility (Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS): Spatial Span, p < .02), delayed verbal memory (WMS: Logical Memory, p < .02), executive functioning (Stroop task, p < .02). There was no association between IL-6 level and verbal learning or short-term verbal memory (WMS ñ Logical Memory (Immediate Recall) or Verbal Paired Associates tasks) or selective attention (Digit Vigilance Task). These data provide initial evidence that cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes are associated with a decline in spatial memory, learning, and cognition in humans that is consistent with the animal literature. This raises the possibility that increases in circulating levels of IL-6 with advancing age play a role in cognitive decline.