Wei-Yu Li

Internal small-size PIFA for LTE/GSM/UMTS operation in the mobile phone

In the near future, it is expected that the LTE (long term evolution) service [1] will become very attractive for the mobile users. With the LTE incorporated to the mobile devices with the existing GSM/UMTS operation, ubiquitous mobile broadband coverage is promising to become a reality. However, it is a big challenge to design an embedded antenna in the limited space of the mobile phone to cover all the LTE/GSM/UMTS bands. In this paper, we present a promising small-size coupled-fed printed PIFA to cover the eight-band LTE/GSM/UMTS operation. The proposed antenna requires a small footprint of about 415 mm2 only, which is comparable to that of the recently reported printed PIFA for the GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS penta-band operation [2], [3], yet it is capable of generating two wide operating bands to respectively cover the LTE700/GSM850/900 (698~960 MHz) and GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 (1710~2690 MHz) operation. Experimental and simulation results of the constructed prototype are presented.

Internal penta-band printed loop-type mobile phone antenna

A novel internal mobile phone loop-type antenna for GSM850/GSM900/DCS/PCS/UMTS penta-band operation is presented. The antenna comprising a driven monopole and a coupled strip is very suitable to be printed on the system circuit board of the mobile phone and short-circuited to the system ground plane to form as a loop-type structure. The antenna provides two wide bands at about 900 and 1900 MHz to cover the GSM850/900 and DCS/PCS/UMTS bands, respectively. The lower band is generated by the driven monopole and coupled strip operated together as a half-wavelength loop resonant structure. The upper band is formed by two resonant modes: the first one is the driven monopole operated alone as a quarter- wavelength monopole and the second one is contributed from the driven monopole and coupled strip operated together as a one- wavelength loop resonant structure.

A small-size penta-band WWAN antenna integrated with USB connector for mobile phone applications

An internal WWAN mobile phone antenna formed by a coupled-fed PIFA and a simple printed monopole to integrate with a USB connector is presented. The proposed antenna is suitable to be mounted at the bottom of the mobile phone, and the USB connector integrated therein serve as a data port for the mobile phone. In addition, the antenna requires a small footprint of less than 10 × 60 mm2 on the system circuit board and shows a thin thickness of 3 mm, making it suitable for slim mobile phone applications. The coupled-fed PIFA in the proposed antenna generates a wide lower band for the GSM850/900 operation (824~960 MHz), while the printed monopole contributes a resonant mode at about 1800 MHz to incorporate a higher-order resonant mode of the coupled-fed PIFA at about 2050 MHz to form a wide upper band covering the GSM1800/1900/ UMTS operation (1710~2170 MHz). Penta-band WWAN operation is hence achieved for the proposed antenna. The SAR results for the proposed antenna with the presence of the head and hand phantoms are also studied. The obtained results are presented and discussed.

Simplified hand model for the study of hand-held device antenna

This paper proposes a one-layer simplified hand model incorporating the use of 3D FDTD simulation software, SPEAG SEMCAD-X (simulation platform for EMC, antenna design, and dosimetry) for achieving efficient simulation for hand-held device antennas. The case of the GSM/DCS internal mobile phone antenna with the proposed hand model is first presented. Effects of the proposed hand model including the users forearm on the impedance and radiation characteristics of the internal antenna are analyzed. A second case of the DTV antenna in the PMP device with proposed hand model is also studied

16-Antenna array in the smartphone for the 3.5-GHz MIMO operation

A 16-antenna array disposed in the smartphone for the LTE MIMO operation in the 3.5-GHz band (3400 ~ 3600 MHz) is presented. The array is fabricated by disposing four quad-antenna linear (QAL) arrays along two long side edges of the system circuit board of the smartphone. The QAL array has a planar structure occupying a small area of 3 mm × 50 mm. Two QAL arrays spaced 20 mm are disposed along each side edge. Acceptable antenna performances and ECC (envelope correlation coefficient) values are obtained for the antennas in the array. The calculated ergodic channel capacities of the 16-antenna array in a 16 × 16 MIMO system reach about 66 ~ 72 bps/Hz with a 20-dB signal-to-noise ratio. The obtained results of the 16-antenna array are presented.

Surface-Mount loop antenna for WWAN/WLAN/WiMAX operation in the mobile phone

In this paper, we present a novel surface-mount loop antenna with a capacitively coupled feed for achieving seven-band operation covering all the five operating bands for WW AN operation, the 2.4 GHz band (2400-2484 MHz) for wireless local area network (WLAN) operation, and the 2.5 GHz band (2500-2690 MHz) for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) operation. Experimental and simulation results of the constructed prototype are presented.

Compact eight MIMO antennas for 5G smartphones and their MIMO capacity verification

The handset or smartphone antenna has evolved from the external antenna before the year 2000 to the internal antenna and casing-integrated antenna for 2G/3G/4G communications till now. For the fifth-generation (5G) communications, it is expected that the Massive MIMO system is very promising for applications and a large number of MIMO antennas will be attractive to be deployed in the smartphone to effectively increase the channel capacity. In this paper, promising compact eight MIMO antennas in the smartphone are presented. The MIMO antennas are operated in the 3.5-GHz band (3400~3600 MHz), which has been recently identified in WRC-15 for global mobile broadband services in the future. The achievable MIMO channel capacities for the proposed compact eight MIMO antennas are calculated and verified by MIMO OTA (over-the-air) testing in the open space. Results are presented and discussed.

Hearing aid-compatible loop chip antenna for penta-band clamshell mobile phone application

A small-size loop FR4 chip antenna for penta-band clamshell mobile phone application is presented. The antenna is formed by a loop strip excited by a capacitively-coupled feed, all printed on the surfaces of an FR4 chip base with a small size of 1.35 cm3 only. The excited loop resonant modes are formed into two wide operating bands to cover GSM850/900 and 1800/1900/UMTS operations for both the open and closed states of the clamshell mobile phone. Furthermore, from the simulated results, the clamshell mobile phone with the proposed antenna can meet the HAC standard ANSI C63.19–2007 [1].

Four LTE low-band MIMO antennas for the smartphone

Four LTE low-band MIMO antennas in the smartphone for applications in the 4 × 4 MIMO system are presented. The four antennas are based on the open-slot antenna structure and disposed along the short edges and the side edges of the smartphone. The two short-edge antennas cover 698∼960 MHz. The two side-edge antennas cover 824∼960 MHz. The four antennas can be applied in a 4 × 4 LTE MIMO operation in the 824∼960 MHz band. The calculated channel capacities of the 4 × 4 LTE MIMO operation can reach about 17.6 bps/Hz at 20-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The effects of users hand on the MIMO performance are also studied. The channel capacities for different handheld scenarios are presented and discussed.

Compact eight-antenna array in the smartphone for the 3.5-GHz LTE 8 × 8 MIMO operation

A compact eight-antenna array in the smartphone for the 3.5-GHz band (3400 ∼ 3600 MHz) LTE 8 × 8 MIMO operation is presented. The eight-antenna array is formed by two quad-antenna arrays disposed along two long side edges of the system ground plane of the smartphone. The quad-antenna array occupies a small size of 1 × 60 mm2. For operating in an 8 × 8 MIMO system, the calculated channel capacity for the eight-antenna array can reach about 37 bps/Hz with 20-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Detailed results of the eight-antenna array and its MIMO performance are presented.