Weizhou Wang

Chalcogen Bond: A Sister Noncovalent Bond to Halogen Bond

A sister noncovalent bond to halogen bond, termed chalcogen bond, is defined in this article. By selecting the complexes H(2)CS...Cl(-), F(2)CS...Cl(-), OCS...Cl(-), and SCS...Cl(-) as models, the bond-length change, interaction energy, topological property of the electron charge density and its Laplacian, and the charge transfer of the chalcogen bond have been investigated in detail theoretically. It was found that the similar misshaped electron clouds of the chalcogen atom and the halogen atom result in the similar properties of the chalcogen bond and the halogen bond. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Origin of the X-Hal (Hal = Cl, Br) Bond-Length Change in the Halogen-Bonded Complexes

The origin of the X-Hal bond-length change in the halogen bond of the X-Hal...Y type has been investigated at the MP2(full)/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory using a natural bond orbital analysis, atoms in molecules procedure, and electrostatic potential fitting methods. Our results have clearly shown that various theories explaining the nature of the hydrogen bond cannot be applied to explain the origin of the X-Hal bond-length change in the halogen bond. We provide a new explanation for this change. The elongation of the X-Hal bond length is caused by the electron-density transfer to the X-Hal sigma* antibonding orbital. For the blue-shifting halogen bond, the electron-density transfer to the X-Hal sigma* antibonding orbital is only of minor importance; it is the electrostatic attractive interaction that causes the X-Hal bond contraction.

Theoretical Study on the Complexes of Benzene with Isoelectronic Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles

The π–π interactions between benzene and the aromatic nitrogen heterocycles pyridine, pyrimidine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, and 1,2,3,4,5-pentazine are systematically investigated. The T-shaped structures of all complexes studied exhibit a contraction of the C—H bond accompanied by a rather large blue shift (40–52 cm−1) of its stretching frequency, and they are almost isoenergetic with the corresponding displaced-parallel structures at reliable levels of theory. With increasing number of nitrogen atoms in the heterocycle, the geometries, frequencies, energies, percentage of s character at C, and the electron density in the C—H σ antibonding orbital of the complexes all increase or decrease systematically. Decomposition analysis of the total binding energy showed that for all the complexes, the dispersion energy is the dominant attractive contribution, and a rather large attraction originating from electrostatic contribution is compensated by its exchange counterpart.

Some theoretical observations on the 1:1 glycine zwitterion–water complex

Abstract The structural transformation of three minima on the HF/6-31G∗ glycine zwitterion–water complex potential energy surface have been investigated at the Hartree-Fock (HF), second order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2)and the density functional theory using the B3LYP hybrid exchange-correlation functional employing several Poples standard basis sets. Contrary to the previous computational results, our results clearly confirm that the zwitterionic structure of glycine does not exist in the 1:1 complex with a water molecule in the gas phase. Several above mentioned computational methods were examined. HF calculations performed at various levels (up to 6-311++G(3df,3pd)) demonstrated the difficulty of obtaining reliable results. Generally, the agreement between B3LYP and MP2 calculations was good. With accurate basis sets, they got the proper results. At the same time, the results at different levels from CP-corrected gradient optimization and CP-uncorrected were also compared.

On the difference of the properties between the blue-shifting halogen bond and the blue-shifting hydrogen bond.

The difference of the properties between the blue-shifting halogen bond and the blue-shifitng hydrogen bond has been investigated at the M06/6-311++G(d,p) theory level. It was found that the three lone electron pairs on the halogen atom play an important role for the difference of the properties between the blue-shifting halogen bond and the blue-shifitng hydrogen bond. The additional electron-density transfer from the three lone electron pairs on the halogen atom to the remote part of the halogen atom donor (i.e., the antibonding orbitals of the bonds other than X-Hal) makes the blue-shifting halogen bond much more ubiquitous in the halogen-bonded complexes than the blue-shifitng hydrogen bond in the hydrogen-bonded complexes, and it also makes the values of the X-Hal bond contraction generally much larger than the values of the X-H bond contraction. The difference of the properties between the X-Cl...Y blue-shifting halogen bond and the X-Br...Y blue-shifting halogen bond was also discussed.

Noncovalent π⋅⋅⋅π interaction between graphene and aromatic molecule: Structure, energy, and nature

Noncovalent π⋅⋅⋅π interactions between graphene and aromatic molecules have been studied by using density functional theory with empirical dispersion correction (ωB97X-D) combined with zeroth-order symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT0). Excellent agreement of the interaction energies computed by means of ωB97X-D and spin component scaled (SCS) SAPT0 methods, respectively, shows great promise for the two methods in the study of the adsorption of aromatic molecules on graphene. The other important finding in this study is that, according to SCS-SAPT0 analyses, π⋅⋅⋅π interactions between graphene and aromatic molecules are largely dependent on both dispersion and electrostatic type interactions. It is also noticed that π⋅⋅⋅π interactions become stronger and more dispersive (less electrostatic) upon substitution of the very electronegative fluorine atoms onto the aromatic molecules.

A Novel Power Divider Based on Dual-Composite Right/Left Handed Transmission Line

A novel 3 dB power divider based on dual-composite right/left handed transmission line (D-CRLH TL) is proposed for the first time. The D-CRLH TLs are applied as artificial transmission lines. The wideband compact D-CRLH power divider is with low insertion loss and excellent amplitude and phase balance. The experimental results show that |S 11| is below −15 dB; the isolation is higher than 15 dB; and the insertion loss is less than 1 dB from 0.85 GHz to 4.3 GHz. The two output ports achieve the same amplitude and phase. The amplitude balance is below 0.3 dB, and the phase balance is less than 3°. The simulation results agree well with the measurements. The power divider has good application prospects in microwave systems.

The 1:1 glycine-water complex: some theoretical observations

Abstract The structures, interaction energies, electronic properties for different conformers of glycine(Ip)–water complex have been determined employing density functional theory using the B3LYP hybrid exchange-correlation functional with the Poples standard basis sets. Ab initio MP2 calculations were carried out to verify the appropriateness of the B3LYP methods for glycine(Ip)–water system. The basis set superposition error has been eliminated by using the full counterpoise correction method. The results from CP-corrected gradient optimization and the ones from CP-uncorrected were also compared. At last, the vibrational frequencies of the most stable conformer A(C1) were discussed.

Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Two Four-Coordinate CuI–NHC Complexes with Efficient Delayed Fluorescence

Two luminescent cationic heteroleptic four-coordinate Cu(I) complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and diphosphine ligand were successfully prepared and characterized. These complexes adopt typical distorted tetrahedral configuration and have high stability in solid state. Quantum chemical calculations show carbene units have contributions to both highest occupied molecular orbitals and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of these Cu(I)-NHC complexes, the lowest-lying singlet and triplet excitations (S0 → S1 and S0 → T1) of [Cu(Pyim)(POP)](PF6) are dominated by metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition, while the S0 → S1 and S0 → T1 excitations of [Cu(Qbim)(POP)](PF6) are mainly MLCT and ligand-centered transitions, respectively. These Cu(I)-NHC complexes show efficient long-lifetime emissions (λem = 520 nm, τ = 79.8 μs, Φ = 0.56 for [Cu(Pyim)(POP)](PF6), λem = 570 nm, τ = 31.97 μs (78.99%) and 252.2 μs (21.01%), Φ = 0.35 for [Cu(Qbim)(POP)](PF6)) in solid state at room temperature, which are confirmed as delayed fluorescence by investigating the emissions at 77 K.

On the correlation between bond-length change and vibrational frequency shift in halogen-bonded complexes

The C-Hal (Hal = Cl, Br, or I) bond-length change and the corresponding vibrational frequency shift of the C-Hal stretch upon the C-Hal···Y (Y is the electron donor) halogen bond formation have been determined by using density functional theory computations. Plots of the C-Hal bond-length change versus the corresponding vibrational frequency shift of the C-Hal stretch all give straight lines. The coefficients of determination range from 0.94366 to 0.99219, showing that the correlation between the C-Hal bond-length change and the corresponding frequency shift is very good in the halogen-bonded complexes. The possible effects of vibrational coupling, computational method, and anharmonicity on the bond-length change-frequency shift correlation are discussed in detail.