Wellyzar Sjamsuridzal

Insecticidal Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Culture Filtrates of Mangrove Fungal Endophytes.

Abstract In the search for novel potent fungi-derived bioactive compounds for bioinsecticide applications, crude ethyl acetate culture filtrate extracts from 110 mangrove fungal endophytes were screened for their toxicity. Toxicity tests of all extracts against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae were performed. The extracts with the highest toxicity were further examined for insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura larvae and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity. The results showed that the extracts of five isolates exhibited the highest toxicity to brine shrimp at 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values of 7.45 to 10.24 ppm. These five fungal isolates that obtained from Rhizophora mucronata were identified based on sequence data analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA as Aspergillus oryzae (strain BPPTCC 6036), Emericella nidulans (strains BPPTCC 6035 and BPPTCC 6038), A. tamarii (strain BPPTCC 6037), and A. versicolor (strain BPPTCC 6039). The mean percentage of S. litura larval mortality following topical application of the five extracts ranged from 16.7% to 43.3%. In the AChE inhibition assay, the inhibition rates of the five extracts ranged from 40.7% to 48.9%, while eserine (positive control) had an inhibition rate of 96.8%, at a concentration of 100 ppm. The extracts used were crude extracts, so their potential as sources of AChE inhibition compounds makes them likely candidates as neurotoxins. The high-performance liquid chromatography profiles of the five extracts differed, indicating variations in their chemical constituents. This study highlights the potential of culture filtrate ethyl acetate extracts of mangrove fungal endophytes as a source of new potential bioactive compounds for bioinsecticide applications.

Detection of fungi from old Chinese manuscripts in Central Library Universitas Indonesia

Old manuscripts, as organic materials, can be subjected to deterioration by fungi [1]. Fungal species (over 200) are the main cause of damage to objects of cultural heritage made of or supported on paper [2]. Fungi from old manuscripts can be identified to species level by analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of rDNA [3]. Old Chinese manuscripts in Indonesia are one of historical evidences of close relationship between Indonesia and China for hundred years. From our preliminary survey, the collection of old Chinese manuscripts in Central Library Universitas Indonesia was deteriorated by fungi. Information about fungal species from old Chinese manuscripts has not been reported yet, both in Indonesia and China. Our study is aimed to detect the growth of fungi on old Chinese manuscripts, and to isolate and identify the fungi that deteriorates the manuscripts in Central Library Universitas Indonesia. Twelve samples of old Chinese manuscripts deteriorated by fungi shows spore formation and brown spot on their paper surface. Forty one fungal isolates are collected from seven manuscripts, and many of them (28 isolates from 41) are xerophiles. Fifteen isolates were identified by molecular approach using ITS5. They were identified as Anthostomella sp., Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus insuetus, Chaetosartorya stromatoides, Cladosporium colocasiae, Cladosporium columbiae, Cladosporium pini-ponderosa, Flavomyces fulophazii, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium sp., and Pseudozyma sp. Fifteen fungal isolates could be identified to genus level based on morphological characters as follows: Aspergillus (10 isolates), Curvularia (1 isolate), and Penicillium (4 isolates). Some isolates could not be identified to the genus level since they do not produce asexual/sexual spores (mycelia sterilia). Further identification to species level will be carried out by molecular approach. Most of the isolated fungi from old Chinese manuscripts were xerophiles and able to use Chinese paper as a substrate. This study is the first report on the diversity of fungi from old Chinese manuscripts from Indonesia.Old manuscripts, as organic materials, can be subjected to deterioration by fungi [1]. Fungal species (over 200) are the main cause of damage to objects of cultural heritage made of or supported on paper [2]. Fungi from old manuscripts can be identified to species level by analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of rDNA [3]. Old Chinese manuscripts in Indonesia are one of historical evidences of close relationship between Indonesia and China for hundred years. From our preliminary survey, the collection of old Chinese manuscripts in Central Library Universitas Indonesia was deteriorated by fungi. Information about fungal species from old Chinese manuscripts has not been reported yet, both in Indonesia and China. Our study is aimed to detect the growth of fungi on old Chinese manuscripts, and to isolate and identify the fungi that deteriorates the manuscripts in Central Library Universitas Indonesia. Twelve samples of old Chinese manuscripts deteriorated by fungi shows spore formation and brow...

Diversity of fungi from old Dluwang manuscripts from Mertasinga, Cirebon

In the 17th century, Javanese handwritten manuscripts were written on dluwang. The material was made from the bark of the paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera Vent.) [1]. Microbial consortia, however, may inhabit ancient manuscripts. Cellulolytic organisms can exploit the paper as substrate [2]. Furthermore, some fungi which are able to grow in dry substrate (xerophilic character) are associated with deterioration of manuscripts [3]. A local collector from Mertasinga, Cirebon, Indonesia, preserves old dluwang manuscripts according to traditional Javanese custom. In our previous study, twenty three fungal isolates were obtained from the teak wardrobe which contained old dluwang manuscripts. The fungal isolates are deposited in the Universitas Indonesia Culture Collection (UICC). The aim of our study was to isolate and identify fungi from old dluwang manuscripts and to identify fungal isolates obtained from previous study. Ten old dluwang manuscripts showed fungal growth, characterized by spore-formation...

Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. nov., isolated from litter of a geyser

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. The isolate was rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.6 mol% and the major diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LC2-13AT is related most closely to Paenibacillus kobensis DSM 10249T (94.86 % similarity), Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T (94.77 %) and Paenibacillus barengoltzii SAFN-016T (94.77 %). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain LC2-13AT is affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus, but could be distinguished from recognized species of this genus. A novel species with the name Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. nov. is thus proposed. The type strain is LC2-13AT (=UICC B-42T=NRRL B-65368T=DSM 101873T).

Description of Stanieria strain of cyanobacteria isolated from hot spring in Indonesia

Stanieria strains isolated from hot springs in Indonesia were identified on the basis of the strains’ morphological, chemotaxonomy, and molecular characteristics. Based on the cell shape, the sizes of vegetative cells and the existence of baeocytes (endospores) observed in these strains, are the factors commonly considered in characterizing Stanieria. However, Stanieria strains are difficult to identify by morphological analysis alone. The results of the MALDI-TOF analysis of whole cell protein showed that the mass spectral peaks of the six Stanieria strains were all found at 56 kDa. The dendogram plot based on mass spectral peaks shows that all strains belong to one cluster, indicated that they belong to the same genus. The molecular properties considered were molecular sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer sequences between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Identification at the genus level based on molecular data is in agreement with MALDI-TOF data. The 16S rRNA gene sequence sim...

The effect of temperature on the growth of genus Synechococcus isolated from four Indonesian hot springs and Agathis small lake of Universitas Indonesia

Six (6) hot springs strains and two (2) Synechococcus strains from Universitas Indonesia have been observed to determine the maximum growth temperature of those strains. The strains were as follows: HS-1 (CIS001), HS-7 (CIS007), HS-8 (RDB001), HS-9 (RDB002), HS-13 (RDB006), HS-18 (PAN005), UI-56 (6_Ag7air) and UI-57 (9_Ag9air) strains. The eight strains were isolated from three (3) hot springs in West Java (Ciseeng, Rawa Danau Banten, and Pancar Mountain) and one (1) small lake in Universitas Indonesia (Agathis). The water temperature of habitats were ranges at 36-43 °C (Ciseeng), 35-50 °C (Rawa Danau Banten), 46-69 °C (Pancar Mountain), and 27-29 °C (Agathis small lake). Incubation temperature were 23±1 °C (A), 30±1 °C (B), 35 °C (C), and 50 °C (D), while the observed parameters were cell density during growing and chlorophyll content. Observations were conducted over a period of 42 days. The results showed that all of Synechococcus strains experienced growth phases, i.e. the adaptation (lag) phase, expo...

Isolation and characterization of potential bacteria with the ability to degrade Congo Red dye

Bacterial isolates, which are able to degrade the azo textile dye Congo Red, have been isolated from Bantar Gebang Landfills-Bekasi and Citarum river, West Java. The initial screening using Zhou-Zimmerman medium which contains 50 ppm Congo Red yielded in 6 isolates (D2, I1, I4, L2B, L2C, and M) were able to degrade the dye. Selection for the best isolate using Bushnell-Haas medium showed that isolates L2C was able to degrade up to 98.5% of Congo Red within 3 days. The percentage of degradation was measured using Spectrophotometer at ƛ 490 nm. Assessment of biodegradation profile of L2C at 500 ppm, 700 ppm and 1000 ppm of Congo Red showed that in 7 days, the isolates degraded the dye solution by 96.7%, 97.7% and 82.6%, respectively. The degrading rate of the re-isolated L2C cells at 1000 ppm of Congo Red increased up to 97.8% in 7 days when the cells were adapted into the Congo Red dye. Phytotoxicity test for germination using corn seed (Zea mays) showed that the toxicity of filtrate was slightly lower (50...

Polyphasic identification of a thermophilic bacterium from geyser of Cisolok, Indonesia

A thermophilic bacterium strain UICC B-76 was isolated from litter in geyser of Cisolok, West Java, Indonesia by using The International Streptomyces Project (ISP1) medium. The strain UICC B-76 was able to hydrolyze various substrates such as casein, cellulose, gelatin, starch, and xylan, at 50 °C, and decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) at 50 °C, an indicator for ligninolytic degradation ability. These abilities of strain UICC B-76 suggest its potential for industrial applications. The aim of this study was to identify strain UICC B-76 based on phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. Strain UICC B-76 was Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic and facultative anaerobic, and rod-shaped with flagella. The strain grew at 30 °C to 60 °C (optimum 50 °C) and pH 7.0 but can not withstand temperature of 70 °C as well as pH 4.0 and 9.0. Strain UICC B-76 could not grow in more than 1% NaCl. This strain has menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the major quinone system; cell wall fatty acids consisted of Iso-C15:0 (68.5...

The Effect of Pollen Substitutes on the Productivity of Apis cerana in Indonesia

The aims of this study were to examine the preferences and productivity of A. cerana colonies when fed on a variety of pollen substitutes.

PENGEMBANGAN DATABASE MIKROORGANISME INDIGENOS INDONESIA

Abstract Development of Database for Indigenous Indonesian Microorganisms. The objective of the research is to create anddevelop a database of indigenous Indonesian microorganisms based at the University of Indonesia. Development of thedatabase of indigenous Indonesian microorganisms was carried out in several stages, i.e. data identification, databasedesign, programming, data entry, testing and debugging, and repairing and maintenance. Development of the databaseutilized the licensed software of General Public License (GPL), which include Linux RedHat 9.0 (operating system),Apache ver. 2.20 (web server), MySQL ver. 4.2 (database server), and PHP ver. 4.3 (web interface programminglanguage). The result of this research is a database named UI Bioinfo which has the following facilities: online catalogsearch for UICC (University of Indonesia Culture Collection) strains collection and sequence homology search utilitythrough BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool). Integrated information on strains collection was first carried outon the yeast collection. At present, UI Bioinfo contains information for 297 strains that includes isolation data,morphological descriptions, physiology-biochemical characteristics, and images. Moreover it also contains sequencedata from the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. UI Bioinfocan be accessed from the following site: http://152.118.162.250/bio/. Future development will be addition of data fromthe other collections in UICC.Keywords:Bioinformatics, database, Indonesia, microorganisms