Wen Yuan Wang

Study on the Ship Arrival Pattern of Container Terminals

Container ship arrival pattern had an important effect on throughput capacity of container terminals. There is an urgent need for recognition of the ship arrival pattern of modern container terminal, owing to the change of the composition of both operating routes and arrival ships, which was brought up by the rapid development of Chinas coastal ports container service. This paper statistically analyzes the ship arrival data collected from some domestic container terminals from the view of the number of daily arrival vessels and the inter-arrival time between two ships by using Chi-Square Test. The results prove that the ship arrival pattern of container terminals vary with the constitute of container liner routes, and the number of daily arrival vessels follows either Poisson or normal distribution, and the inter-arrival time follows both negative-exponential and gamma distribution.

Mathematical Modeling of Electrochemical Deburring

The drilling burr is taken as the research object. A mathematical model of electrochemical deburring (ECD) is established and the effects of main influencing factors, such as inter-electrode gap, applied voltage and deburring time, on burr height have been analyzed. The results show that the deburring time increases with the increase of initial burr height, inter-electrode gap, with the decrease of volume of electrochemical equivalent of the workpiece material, conductivity of electrolyte and applied voltage. The deburring time for various burr heights can be predicted by the mathematical model. The calculated results obtained from the mathematical model are approximately consistent with the experimental results. The results show that initial burr height h0=0.722mm is removed, and the fillet radius R=0.211mm is obtained.

Study on the Impact of Inner Anchorage on Waterway Traffic Capacity

As the number of calling ships in container terminals rises, waterways in some harbors have become the major constraint to the overall performance of the ports service. By constructing anchorages, the congestion that happens frequently in harbor can be effectively eased, thus the traffic capacity is greatly enhanced. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of anchorage number on waterway traffic capacity and provide theoretical foundation when deciding the anchorage scale. A simulation method with consideration of anchorages is adopted to analyze the vessels entering and departing process in coastal container terminal. Results show that waterway traffic capacity and anchorage number are polynomial correlated, waterway traffic capacity increases with the growth of anchorage number and ceases when beyond a certain level. It will be of great help to serve the planning and constructing ports and terminals.

Influence of Carbon Emission Constraint on Container Quay Crane Allocation

As one of the important handling equipments in container terminal, the quayside container crane is a major energy consumer. Therefore, the optimization allocation of crane is studied in the paper considering the carbon emission. First, based on the classic method from the economical aspect, an optimization model is established with the goal of minimizing the total loss of vessel waiting for berth and idle berth. Second, a constraint condition for carbon emission of handling unit container by quayside crane is added. Finally, this paper analyses the influence of carbon emission constraint on quay crane allocation. The results show that the allocation optimization model will influence the original plan after considering the carbon emission constraint, and the goal of decreasing carbon emission can be achieved by rearranging quayside crane with the optimization model.

Evaluation of Ship-Diversion Induced Emergency on Port Traffic Volumes

The worst ice blockages along the Yellow Sea coast and Bohai Sea had severe effects on maritime shipping, oil and gas mining and farming activities in the winter of 2009 and 2010. Ice blockages made some small ships divert to neighboring ports, which also affected these ports operations. To evaluate the effect of ship-diversion induced emergency on port traffic, we propose a simulation model considering ship-diversion induced emergency, port transportation and operations. Then we carry out simulation experiments on a container terminal in Dalian Port. The experiment results show that ship-diversion induced emergency increased the peak hourly traffic volume, average daily traffic and thirtieth hourly volume, which provides a basis for port traffic planning and organization.

The Influence of Stochastic Distribution of Daily Stockpiles on the Optimal Capacity of Container Yard

By building stochastic programming model for determining the optimal capacity of the container yard, the influence of different stochastic distributions of daily stockpiles was studied. The stochastic distributions include normal distribution, uniform distribution, and negative exponential distribution. In the stochastic programming model, the objective function is the maximum profit of container yard, and the decision variable is capacity of container yard. By comparing different optimal solutions of models when the daily stockpiles are respectively subject to different distributions, it can be concluded: (1) in the case of a certain throughput of port, optimal capacity is the least when the daily stockpiles are subject to negative exponential distribution; (2) in the case of a certain capacity of container yard, throughput of the port is the least when the daily stockpiles are subject to uniform distribution.

Study on Carbon Footprint of Container Transportation System

As an important hub of logistic chain, seaport is a major energy consumer. Therefore, the carbon footprint of container transportation system is studied in the paper. First, the operation process of container transportation system is analyzed. Second, the carbon footprint quantitative method is introduced. Finally, a case study is given as an example. Results indicate that carbon emission of quayside cranes accounts for the largest proportion in the transportation system. So, its necessary to reduce the carbon emission of quayside crane.

Optimization of Plane Slots Number for Container Yard Based on Two-Stage Stochastic Programming

Appropriate plane slots number of the container yard is of great importance to the sustainable development of low-carbon container ports. Considering the container type, handling process, cost and benefit of unit yard space, etc., a two-stage stochastic programming model with the goal of maximizing the yard profit was established by choosing the maximum daily storage number of containers as a random variable. The maximum yard profit and the minimum penalty function are respectively chosen as the goal in the first and second stage. The example results show that the value obtained by the two-stage stochastic programming is smaller than that by the specification. The proposed model provides an optimization method for the determination of plane slots number through effectively lessening the influence of uncertainties and saving resource cost.

Establishment of Low-Carbon Evaluation Index System for Container Terminals

A low-carbon evaluation index system for container terminals is proposed on the basis of their characteristics and the concept of low-carbon port. This system takes quantitative indexes as the core, supplemented by qualitative ones. The weight of each index is determined by AHP, and then a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established according to the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Finally, the proposed model is applied to a certain region of a container terminal, and the result indicates that the proposed evaluation index system and evaluation model can provide a reference for the low-carbon level evaluation of container terminals.

Influence of Ship Traffic Rules in Y-Type Fairway Intersection Water on Port Service Level

The increase of ships crossing encounter in the intersection water of bidirectional navigation Y-fairway (YF) seriously decreases the port service level. So it is necessary to study the ship traffic rules in YF intersection water to improve this phenomenon. This paper first analyzes the ship navigation characteristics in YF intersection water. Then a simulation model for ship sailing operation system of YF is built to study the influence of different traffic rules on port service level. Traffic rules separately are First Come First Serve (FCFS), Larger Ship Priority (LSP) and Ship Leaving Port Priority (SLPP). Finally, a case study is introduced to analyze the influence of each rule on port service level. The results show that traffic rules have little effect on port service level for smaller scale ports. But LSP maintains higher port service level with the increase of port scale, while SLPP reveals obvious advantage if port scale continues increasing. And the advantage of SLPP is more and more obvious with the increase of port scale.