Wenya Su

PLGA/polymeric liposome for targeted drug and gene co-delivery.

Chemotherapy is one of the most effective approaches to treat cancers in the clinic, but the problems, such as multidrug resistance (MDR), low bioavailability and toxicity, severely constrain the further application of chemotherapy. Our group recently reported that cationic PLGA/folate coated PEGlated polymeric liposome core-shell nanoparticles (PLGA/FPL NPs). It was self-assembled from a hydrophobic PLGA core and a hydrophilic folate coated PEGlated lipid shell for targeting co-delivery of drug and gene. Hydrophobic drugs can be incorporated into the core and the cationic shell of the drug-loaded nanoparticles can be used to bind DNA. The drug-loaded PLGA/FPL NPs/DNA complexes offer advantages to overcome these problems mentioned above, such as co-delivery of drugs and DNA to improving the chemosensitivity of cancer cells at a gene level, and targeting delivery of drug to the cancer tissue that enhance the bioavailability and reduce the toxicity. The experiment showed that nanoparticles have core-shell structure with nanosize, sustained drug release profile and good DNA-binding ability. Importantly, the core-shell nanoparticles achieve the possibility of co-delivering drugs and genes to the same cells with high gene transfection and drug delivery efficiency. Our data suggest that the PLGA/FPL NPs may be a useful drug and gene co-delivery system.

Polymeric Liposomes-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Contrast Agent for Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cancer Cells

The purpose of this study was to use polymeric liposomes (PLs) with a targeting ligand (folate) to coat superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and transfer the magnetic nanoparticles from organic phases to aqueous solutions, and further evaluate their efficacy as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. The formed nanoparticles exhibited a narrow range of size dispersity (core size of the particles is about 8-10 nm) and relatively high T2 relaxivities (r2 = 164.14 s(-1) mM(-1) for folate-PLs-coated SPIONs). The in vitro tumor cell targeting efficacy of the folate functionalized and PLs-coated SPIONs was evaluated upon observing cellular uptake of magnetite liposomes by HeLa cells, which overexpresses surface receptors for folic acid. In the Prussian blue staining experiments, cells incubated with folate-PLs-coated SPIONs showed much higher intracellular iron density than did the cells incubated with the folate-free PLs-coated SPIONs. Meanwhile, the MTT assay explains the negligible cell cytotoxicity of SPIONs and folate-PLs-coated SPIONs. In HeLa cells, the in vitro MRI study also indicates the better T2-weighted images in folate-PLs-coated SPIONs than in folate-free PLs-coated SPIONs.

PEG/RGD-modified magnetic polymeric liposomes for controlled drug release and tumor cell targeting

Polymeric liposomes (PEG/RGD-MPLs), composed of amphiphilic polymer octadecyl-quaternized modified poly (γ-glutamic acid) (OQPGA), PEGylated OQPGA, RGD peptide grafted OQPGA and magnetic nanoparticles, was prepared successfully. These PEG/RGD-MPLs could be used as a multifunctional platform for targeted drug delivery. The results showed that PEG/RGD-MPLs were multilamellar spheres with nano-size (50-70 nm) and positive surface charge (28-42 mV). Compared with magnetic conventional liposomes (MCLs), PEG/RGD-MPLs exhibited sufficient size and zeta potential stability, low initial burst release and less magnetic nanoparticles leakage. The cell uptake results suggested that the PEG/RGD-MPLs (with RGD and magnetic particles) exhibited more drug cellular uptake than non RGD and non magnetism carriers in MCF-7 cells. MTT assay revealed that PEG/RGD-MPLs showed lower in vitro cytotoxicity to GES-1cells at ≤ 100 μg/mL. These data indicated that the multifunctional PEG/RGD-MPLs may be an alternative formulation for drug delivery system.

Folate-targeting magnetic core–shell nanocarriers for selective drug release and imaging

One of the most urgent medical requirements for cancer diagnosis and treatment is how to construct a multifunctional vesicle for simultaneous diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications. In our study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals (SPIONs) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) are co-encapsulated into PLGA/polymeric liposome core-shell nanocarriers for achieving simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging and targeting drug delivery. The core-shell nanocarrier was self-assembled from a hydrophobic PLGA core and a hydrophilic folate coated PEGlated lipid shell. The experiment showed that folate-targeting magnetic core-shell nanocarriers show clear core-shell structure, excellent magnetism and controlled drug release behavior. Importantly, the core-shell nanoparticles achieve the possibility of co-delivering drugs and SPIONs to the same cells for enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) effect and improving drug delivery efficiency simultaneously. Our data suggests that the folate-targeting magnetic core-shell nanocarriers (FMNs) could provide effective cancer-targeting and MRI as well as drug delivery. The FMNs may become a useful nanomedical carrier system for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Preparation and evaluation of lidocaine hydrochloride-loaded TAT-conjugated polymeric liposomes for transdermal delivery

Transactivation transcriptional activator (TAT) peptides were conjugated on the octadecyl-quaternized, lysine-modified chitosan to form polymeric liposomes (TAT-PLs) with cholesterol for improving transdermal delivery of local anesthetic lidocaine hydrochloride (LID). In this study, the LID loaded TAT-conjugated polymeric liposomes (LID-TAT-PLs) have been successfully prepared. LID-TAT-PLs were characterized by determination of their particle size, polydispersity, morphology, drug encapsulation efficiency, drug release behavior in vitro, and storage-stability. The skin permeation of LID-TAT-PLs was examined using a Franz diffusion cell mounted with depilated mouse skin in vitro, and penetration of TAT-PLs was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that LID-TAT-PLs were spherical in solution, with substantially smaller mean diameter (154.7±10.7 nm), higher encapsulation efficiency (80.05±2.64%) and better stability in contrast to conventional liposomes (CLs). From the in vitro skin permeation results, transdermal flux of LID-TAT-PLs was approximately 4.17 and 1.75 times higher than that of LID solution and LID CLs (P<0.05). CLSM studies also confirmed that TAT-PLs reached viable layers of the skin. Hence, the results indicate that LID-TAT-PLs are effective and potential alternative for the LID transdermal formulation.

Smart multifunctional core–shell nanospheres with drug and gene co-loaded for enhancing the therapeutic effect in a rat intracranial tumor model

Glioblastoma with high mortality has been one of the most serious cancers threatening human health. Because of the present treatment limitations, there is an urgent need to construct a multifunctional vesicle for enhancing the treatment of in situ malignant glioblastoma. In our study, drug and gene co-loaded magnetic PLGA/multifunctional polymeric liposome (magnetic PLGA/MPLs) core-shell nanospheres were constructed. They were mainly self-assembled from two parts: hydrophobic PLGA cores that can load drugs and magnetic nanocrystals; and polymeric lipid shells anchored with functional molecules such as PEG chains, TAT peptides and RGD peptides that can help the vectors to condense the gene, prolong the circulation time, cross the blood brain barrier and target delivery to the cancer tissue. The results showed that the magnetic PLGA/MPLs nanosphere has a nanosized core-shell structure, can achieve sustained drug release and has good DNA binding abilities. Importantly, compared with the control group and other groups with single functionality, it can co-deliver the drug and gene into the same cell in vitro and show the strongest inhibiting effect on the growth of the in situ malignant glioblastoma in vivo. All of these results indicated that the different functional components of magnetic PLGA/MPLs, can form an organic whole and none of them can be dispensed with. The magnetic PLGA/MPLs nanosphere may be another option for treatment of glioblastoma.