Werner Haunold

Measurements on the distribution of trace substances in the Arctic troposphere

During the ‘Arctic Haze’ measuring campaign in March–April 1994 and the ‘Merisec’ measuring campaign in June 1994 the horizontal and vertical variations of 03−, SO2−, PAN-, HNO3−, nitrate- and sulfate-concentrations were measured. Eight representative measuring flights are presented. The aircraft observations showed that ozone depletion is occurring beyond the Arctic inversion layer during April and June. Ozone concentrations generally increased significantly with altitude. NO values were always below the detection limit. HNO3 was accumulated on impregnated filters instead of commonly used nylon filters. Only impregnated cellulose filters exhibit high collection efficiencies at low contents of atmospheric water vapor. For measuring SO2 a sensitive filter technique was applied. The mixing ratio of S02 seldom exceeded the value of 200 pptv in April 1994 (150 pptv in June 1994). The concentrations showed no continuous vertical gradient, but often a layered structure.

Measurements of reduced sulphur compounds in an industrialized tropical region : Cubatão (Brazil)

Abstract Ambient concentrations of SO2, H2S, COS and CS2 have been determined at various sites in the highly industrialized area of Cubatao (Brazil) and in adjacent ecosystems during the years 1990 to 1993. Sulphate has been analyzed in rain samples collected at three sites in the Serra do Mar. The sites are called Vale do Mogi (heavily polluted), Paranapiacaba (moderately polluted), and Vale do Pil[otilde]es (less polluted). Gas exchange of reduced sulphur compounds between biosphere and atmosphere has been examined with the aid of ambient air enclosures. The investigated sulphur sources (and sinks) were the estuaries south of Cubatao, a reservoir north of Cubatao, and vegetated soils at Vale do Mogi, Paranapiacaba, and Vale do Pil[otilde]es. The content of reduced sulphur compounds was determined in surface water samples from lakes, rivers, and estuaries in the area under investigation. Wet sulphate deposition and ambient SO2 concentrations revealed a similar hierarchy of Vale do Mogi, Paranapiacaba, an...