Wéverton José Lima Fonseca

EVALUATION OF THE MILK PRODUCTION OF SAANEN GOATS IN BRAZIL

The objective of this research was to evaluate the production of milk and goat production systems of the Saanen breed in Brazil. Dairy goat farming is being established in the Brazilian semiarid as a profitable agricultural activity with aptitude for the north-eastern semiarid, where it is not required a lot of investments and large areas for development of this activity, and for these reasons, it is one of the alternatives suitable for generation of employment and income in rural areas, especially for small and medium farmers who live in agrarian reform settlements and traditional rural communities. Thus, it is necessary to increase the milk production of goats through the use of animals from specialized breeds, as the Brazilian genetic material is heterogeneous and not specialized for this activity.

Characterization of beef cattle farming and the perspective for implementation of traceability

The objective of this study was to characterize the beef cattle farming profile in the State of Piauí for inference about the zootechnical record of animals for insertion into a traceability system. Data were collected through a semi-structured multiple choice questionnaire applied to 400 cattle breeders in all microregions of the state, in May and November 2012. The questions contained the following indicators: profile of the property and the breeder, herd conditions and technical conditions on herd registration. The cattle-raising scenario is predominantly characterized by family activity, with the majority of producers over 50 years of age, who are without great prospects for technological innovation, inserted in an environment where human resource renewal faces difficulties. Data analysis verified the prevalence of herds with up to 50 cattle farmed on properties with up to 50 ha, without individual identification of the animals. These results, coupled with the fact that the cattle breeders are technically unaware of the importance of the zootechnical record and the traceability, indicate the low probability of the activity to be inserted in a computerized environment.

Efeito de diferentes ambientes climáticos sobre características fisiológicas de bezerros mestiços (Holandês X Gir)

The aim of this work was to verify the adaptability of crossbred calves (Holstein x Gyr) created in the field and in the facilities in Bom Jesus, PI. Six crossbred calves (Holstein x Gyr) were distributed in two treatments: T1= Field and T2= Facilities, with three animals in each, with 32 repeated measurements over time, totaling 192 observations (6 animals x 32 repetitions per animal) during the experimental period. The physiological characteristics, such as respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT), and the sweating rate (SR) were recorded. The meteorological variables were: air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), globe temperature index and humidity (BGT1 and BGT2), where BGT1 was inside the facilities and BGT2 in the open field. All weather variables showed significant differences (p 0.05). The RR was higher (p<0.05) for T1, with an average of 55.88 mov/min. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between treatments for HR, with averages of 92.19 and 86.25 bat/min. for T1 and T2, respectively. According to the results it can be stated that the facilities for calves positively influenced the performance of heat loss, giving values closer to the comfort zone.

Covariance Genetic Estimates For Features Tabapuã Growth In Brazil

This review aimed to estimate covariance components for Tabapua the growth characteristics in Brazil, using random regression models. The random regression models (MRA) make it possible to estimate coefficients of the covariance functions by the method of restricted maximum likelihood. These are suitable for longitudinal data analysis models, because of the deficiencies of conventional methods of quantitative genetic analysis, which are considered phenotypic values inherently continuous processes, as discrete processes. The covariance functions show the statistical correlation between two features of a trajectory at different points of same, ie that present in the arrangement have the same direction and magnitude. With the current concern of cutting bovinocultores regarding the growth of animals, the use of methods or techniques that provide increasingly accurate assessments of genetic parameters to be used in studying the development of animals for meat production is relevant

Application of random regression models for growth traits of nellore cattle in brazil

The purpose of this review is to show the increase in number of researches on covariance components and genetic evaluation using random regression models (RRM) for growth traits of Nellore cattle. Random regression models, also known as infinite-dimension models have been used to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for weight of beef cattle. In addition, those models are a standard alternative for genetic analyses of longitudinal data, however, the availibility of computational resources for performing genetic evaluations widely is an obstacle. Traits related to animal growth are adopted as selection criteria in beef cattle breeding programs, because the remuneration of cattle breeders is made based on the weight of carcasses. In recent years, RRM have been adopted as standard procedure in relation to the analysis of longitudinal data in animal breeding.

Evolução da avicultura brasileira

Esta revisao teve como objetivo avaliar a evolucao da avicultura em varios aspectos, bem como sua producao e tendencia ao consumo no Brasil e no mundo. O espaco ocupado pelo Brasil atualmente, foi devido a intensificacao no seu processo de producao, relacionado a fatores como introducao de novas tecnologias melhoria genetica, uso de instalacoes mais apropriadas e alimentacao racional. As inumeras inovacoes na area de genetica, nutricao, sanidade e no processo produtivo de forma geral, possibilitaram a producao de frangos com mais peso, em menos tempo e com menor consumo de racao sao alguns dos diversos fatores que contribuiram para que o setor alcancasse o patamar atual.

ESTIMATES COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS TO GOATS MILK PRODUCTION USING REGRESSION MODELS RANDOM

The aim of this review was to estimate covariance functions for the production of Alpine breeds of goat milk and Saanen using random regression models. Conventional analysis for estimating components of (co) variance and genetic parameters for growth traits are performed by finite-dimensional models, which allows the construction and use of selection indexes and mixed model equations, obtaining parameters as heritability and genetic correlation. The random regression models (MRA) enable work with characteristics of genetic lactation curves for each animal or growth that are measured repeatedly in the animals life, called longitudinal data.

AVALIAÇÃO REPRODUTIVA EM BOVINOS DE LEITE NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAMPO MAIOR – PI

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar o numero de concepcoes, paricoes e ocorrencia de nascimentos de machos e femeas utilizando a biotecnologia de inseminacao artificial (IA) e monta natural (MN). A pesquisa e um estudo retrospectivo realizado atraves do levantamento de dados catalogados de uma fazenda localizada no municipio de Campo Maior-PI no periodo de 1998 a 2009. Os dados foram tabulados, analisados por estatistica descritiva (percentagem, media, desvio padrao, variância e coeficiente de variacao). O numero de concepcoes total foi de 1.451 (557 por MN e 894 por IA respectivamente 38.38% e 61.62%). As concepcoes resultaram em 854 paricoes: 301 (35.25%) por MN e 553 (64.75%) por IA, e em uma taxa de paricao foi de 58.85% no total. A media das concepcoes e paricoes por MN e IA foram respectivamente de 46.41; 74.5; 25.08 e 46.08 com desvio padrao de 29.14; 41.99; 17.06 e 25.87. O numero de concepcoes e paricoes por inseminacao artificial foi superior em relacao a monta natural demonstrando sua superior eficiencia.

INFLUÊNCIAS DE INTERAÇÕES ENTRE GENE-AMBIENTE SOBRE DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES E NUTRIÇÃO

O subito aparecimento de doencas cardiovasculares como um importante problema de saude publica, com isso o objetivo desta revisao de literatura e estudar a influencias de interacoes gene-ambiente sobre a presenca de doencas cardiovasculares e nutricao. Existe evidencia demonstra claramente que um certo numero de interacoes entre gene e ambiente. Estudos sobre epigenetica descrevem os mecanismos que permitem que as celulas respondam rapidamente as mudancas ambientais e estabelecam uma ligacao entre genes e ambiente. Foi avaliado a associacao do polimorfismo-514C/T com medidas de metabolismo de lipoproteina de alta densidade colesterol (LAD-C) que depende da quantidade e do tipo de gordura consumida. A apolipoproteina (Apo) AI e um componente chave da lipoproteina de alta densidade (LAD). O termo nutrigenomica diz respeito a avaliacao do genoma completo dos efeitos de fatores dieteticos. As doencas cardiovasculares recebem influencia da interacao gene-ambiente no qual sao avaliados risco de doencas cardiovasculares e tambem sao identificar variacoes geneticas associadas a nutrientes dos alimentos.

CAUSAS E CONSEQUÊNCIAS DO ÊXODO RURAL NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

O objetivo dessa pesquisa e fornecer informacoes sobre o exodo rural na regiao Nordeste, visando incentivar as organizacoes governamentais a promover movimentos sociais no campo que priorize o pequeno agricultor a desenvolver suas atividades agricolas. Entre as causas desse processo, a falta de emprego e o poder atrativo que as cidades exercem sobre a populacao rural, sao as mais frequentes. Diante disso, as informacoes apresentadas neste trabalho serao de fundamental relevância para a criacao de politicas publicas visando o aperfeicoamento do pequeno agricultor com tecnicas agricolas.